四六级考前预测 | 木结构斗拱

斗拱是中国古代木结构建筑中独具特色的构件系统，主要用于承重与连接屋檐、梁柱，是中国建筑文化的象征之一。它由榫卯连接的小木构件层层出挑，结构严谨，形式多样，不仅具有力学功能，也具有装饰美感。斗拱的发展始于春秋战国，隋唐时期趋于规范，宋代《营造法式》对其形制作了系统规定。它广泛用于宫殿、寺庙、牌坊等重要建筑中，体现了中国古代“天人合一”的哲学思想与审美追求。如今，斗拱不仅作为古建筑修复的重要内容，也被广泛应用于现代仿古建筑与文创设计中，展现出传统工艺的当代表达。

参考翻译

Dougong, a unique structural element in traditional Chinese timber architecture, serves both load-bearing and connective functions, particularly under eaves and between columns and beams. Composed of interlocking wooden brackets joined without nails, dougong features layered cantilevers and complex joinery that combine mechanical stability with ornamental elegance. Its origins trace back to the Spring and Autumn period, and its design became increasingly standardized during the Sui and Tang dynasties. The Song Dynasty’s Yingzao Fashi codified dougong construction in detail. Extensively used in palaces, temples, and ceremonial gateways, dougong reflects the Chinese philosophy of harmony between humans and nature. Today, it plays a vital role in ancient architectural restoration and inspires modern adaptations in neo-classical buildings and cultural-creative products, showcasing traditional craftsmanship in contemporary forms.

重点词汇

词汇

词性

释义

例句

dougong

n.

斗拱

The palace roofs are supported by elaborate dougong structures.

cantilever

n.

悬臂

Each cantilever bracket projects outward to balance the load.

mortise-and-tenon joint

n.

榫卯结构

Mortise-and-tenon joints

are used without nails or glue.

ornamental elegance

n.

装饰美感

Dougong combines strength with ornamental elegance .

Yingzao Fashi

n.

《营造法式》

The Yingzao Fashi standardized ancient building techniques.

neo-classical

adj.

仿古的 / 新古典的

The museum entrance features a neo-classical wooden structure.

structural integrity

n.

结构稳固性

The layered brackets enhance structural integrity .

重点句型

1. serve both … and … functions
   斗拱兼具承重与连接作用。
   Dougong serves both load-bearing and connective functions.

2. be composed of … joined without …
   它由不用钉子的榫卯构件组成。
   It is composed of components joined without nails.

3. reflect … philosophy
   它体现了“天人合一”的建筑理念。
   It reflects the philosophy of harmony between humans and nature.

4. play a vital role in …
   在古建修复中，斗拱仍发挥重要作用。
   Dougong plays a vital role in ancient architectural restoration.

5. inspire … in …
   它启发了现代仿古建筑与文创设计。
   It inspires modern adaptations in neo-classical architecture and cultural design.

• 专业性强的建筑术语：保留 dougong, mortise-and-tenon joint, Yingzao Fashi 等关键词，体现学术严谨。

• 形式与功能并重：强调其结构作用的同时，突显装饰性和文化内涵。

• 时间脉络分明：通过 trace back to, standardized during the Tang 等结构展示发展演变。

• 现代意义凸显：通过 play a vital role, inspire modern adaptations 引出传统工艺的当代表现。

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