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上期翻译答案

While researchers have long suspected that whales are key players in the ocean’s carbon cycle, quantifying exactly how these animals alter the seas — and what we lost with their decimation a century ago —has proveddifficult.

虽然研究人员长期以来一直怀疑鲸鱼是海洋碳循环中的一个关键角色，但事实证明，想要精确量化这些动物是如何改变海洋，以及一个世纪前对它们的大量捕杀对人类造成的损失，是很困难的。

《本期内容》

双语阅读

For those of us who struggle to leave our beds in the winter,tauntsof “lazy” could well be misplaced. New research suggests that while humans do nothibernate, we may need more sleep during the colder months. Analysis of people undergoing sleep studies found that people get more REM (rapid eye movement) sleep in the winter. While total sleep time appeared to be about an hour longer in the winter than the summer, this result was not considered statistically significant.

对于那些冬天的起床困难户来说，可能不应该嘲笑他们“懒惰”。新的研究表明，虽然人类不会冬眠，但是我们在寒冷的月份可能需要睡得更久。对参加睡眠研究的人进行分析，发现人们冬天的快速眼动睡眠时间更长。虽然人们冬天的总睡眠时间似乎比夏天多大约一个小时，但这一结果在统计学上并不显著。

However, REM sleep – known to be directly linked to thecircadianclock, which is affected by changing light – was 30 minutes longer in the winter than in summer. The research suggests that even in an urban population experiencing disrupted sleep, humans experience longer REM sleep in winter than summer and less deep sleep in autumn.

然而，快速眼动睡眠——已经知道与生物钟相关（受光线变化影响）——在冬季比夏季长30分钟。研究表明，即使是睡眠紊乱的城市人口，人们在冬季的快速眼动睡眠时间也比夏季长，而在秋季的深度睡眠时间较短。

Researchers say if the study’s findings can be replicated in people with healthy sleep, this would provide the first evidence for a need to adjust sleep habits to season – perhaps by going to sleep earlier in the darker and colder months. Dr Dieter Kunz, corresponding author of the study, based at the Clinic for Sleep & Chronomedicine at the St Hedwig hospital, Germany, said: “Seasonality isubiquitousin any living being on this planet.

研究人员表示，如果这项研究发现能够在睡眠健康的人群中得以复制，这将成为人们需要根据季节调整睡眠习惯（天色更暗气温更冷的月份可能需要更早）的首个证据。该研究的通讯作者、德国圣海德威格医院睡眠与时间医学诊所的迪特尔·昆兹博士说：“生物季节在这个星球上的任何生物中都是普遍存在的。”

“Even though we still perform unchanged over the winter, human physiology is down-regulated, with a sensation of ‘running-on-empty’ in February or March. “In general, societies need to adjust sleep habits including length and timing to season, or adjust school and working schedules to seasonal sleep needs.”

“尽管我们冬天表现如常，但人类的生理机能下调了，2月或3月有一种‘勉力支撑’的感觉。一般来说，社会需要调整睡眠习惯，包括根据季节调整睡眠时长和入睡时间，或根据季节性睡眠需求调整学校和工作时间规划。”

During REM sleep, brain activity increases and people may dream. Normal sleepstarts withthree stages of non-REM sleep at first, followed by a short period of REM sleep. While the researchers acknowledge the results would need to be validated in people with no sleep difficulties, the seasonal changes may be even greater in a healthy population.

在快速眼动睡眠期间，大脑活动增加，人们可能会做梦。正常睡眠首先会经历三个阶段的非快速眼动睡眠，然后是短时间的快速眼动睡眠。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

本文节选自：The Guardian（卫报）

发布时间：2023.02.17

作者：Jane Clinton

原文标题：Humans ‘may need more sleep in winter’, study finds

词汇积累

1.taunt

英/ tɔːnt /美/ tɔːnt /

v.奚落，逗弄

n.嘲弄（话），讥讽（话）

adj.很高的

2.hibernate

英/ ˈhaɪbəneɪt /美/ ˈhaɪbərneɪt /

v.冬眠；（人）（长期）蛰居，不活动

3.circadian

英/ sɜːˈkeɪdiən /美/ sɜːrˈkeɪdiən /

adj.生理节奏的（指与地球二十四小时运转联系的新陈代谢、内分泌作用及睡眠等节奏有关的）；以24小时为周期的

4.ubiquitous

英/ juːˈbɪkwɪtəs /美/ juːˈbɪkwɪtəs /

adj.普遍存在的，无所不在的

词组搭配

1.running-on-empty 不设限通缉 ; 一事无成 ; 虚空中奔跑 ; 忙碌奔波

2.start with 从……开始

写作句总结

原句：Normal sleep starts with three stages of non-REM sleep at first, followed by a short period of REM sleep.

结构：XXX starts with A, followed by B.

例句：Climbing Mount Everest starts with packing the right supplies, followed by rigorous physical training.

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外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。

（戳码回复“J88”）

点击领取1998-2021经济人学杂志PDF，附双语版+词汇

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