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演讲者：Wendy MacNaughton
演讲题目: The art of paying attention
All right, I'm going to go out on a limb here. I'm going to say that every single one of us in this room made drawings when we were little. Yes? Yes? OK. And maybe around the age of like, four or five or something like that, you might have been drawing, and a grown-up came over and looked over your shoulder and said, "What's that?" And you said, "It's a face."
好吧，我要出去来一趟冒险之旅。我想说，我们每个人小时候都画过画。对不对？好的。也许在四五岁左右，你可能在画画，一个成年人走过来，从你的肩上看了看，你说，“那是什么？”然后你说，“那是一张脸。”
And they said, "That's not really what a face looks like. This is what a face looks like." And they proceeded to draw this. Circle, two almonds for some eyes, this upside-down seven situation we have here, and then a curved line. But guess what? This doesn't really look that much like a face, OK? It's an icon. It's visual shorthand, and it's how we look at so much of our world today.
他们说，“这不是一张脸的真实样子。这是一张脸的样子。”然后他们开始画这个。圆圈，两个杏仁代表一些眼睛，我们这里有七种颠倒的情况，然后是一条曲线。但是你猜怎么着？这看起来不像一张脸，好吗？这是一个图标。这是视觉速记，也是我们今天看待世界的方式。
See, we have so much information coming at us all the time, that our brains literally can't process it, and we fill in the world with patterns. Much of what we see is our own expectations.
你看，我们有太多的信息一直在向我们袭来，以至于我们的大脑根本无法处理它，我们用模式填充这个世界。我们看到的大部分是我们自己的期望。
All right. I'm going to show you a little trick to rewire your brain into looking again. Did you all get an envelope that says "do not open" on it? Grab that envelope, it's time to open it. Inside should be a piece of paper and a pencil. Once you have that all prepped, please turn to somebody next to you. Ideally, somebody you don't know. Yeah, we're doing this, people, we're doing this.
好的。我要给你看一个小把戏，让你的大脑重新布线，重新审视。你们都收到一个写着“请勿打开”的信封了吗？抓住那个信封，该打开了。里面应该有一张纸和一支铅笔。一旦你准备好了，请找你旁边的人。理想情况下，你不认识的人。是的，我们正在这样做，伙计们，我们正在这样做。
Great. Everybody find a partner? OK, now look back at me. OK, now look back at me. You are going to draw each other, OK? No, no, no, no, wait, wait, wait, wait. I promise this is not about doing a good drawing, OK? That's not what we're doing here, we're looking, this is about looking.
伟大的每个人都能找到搭档吗？好的，现在回头看看我。好的，现在回头看看我。你们要互相画，好吗？不，不，不，不，等等，等等，等等。我保证这不是为了画好，好吗？这不是我们在这里做的，我们在寻找，这是关于寻找。
Everybody's going to be terrible, I promise, don't worry. You're going to draw each other with two very simple rules. One, you are never going to lift your pencil up off the paper. One continuous line. No, no, trust me here. This is about looking, OK? So one continuous line never lift the pencil. Number two, never, ever, ever look down at the paper you're drawing on, OK? Yes, it's about looking.
每个人都会很糟糕的，我保证，别担心。你们要用两条非常简单的规则来画对方。第一，你永远不会把铅笔从纸上拿起来。一条连续的线。不，不，相信我。这是关于看的，好吗？因此，一条连续的线永远不会提起铅笔。第二，永远不要低头看你画的纸，好吗？是的，是关于寻找。
So keep looking at the person you're drawing. Now put your pencil down in the middle of the paper, OK? Look up at your partner. Look at the inside of one of their eyes. Doesn't matter which one. That's where you're going to start. Ready? Deep breath. (Inhales) And begin.
所以，继续看你画的人。现在把你的铅笔放在纸的中间，好吗？抬头看看你的搭档。看看他们的眼睛里面。不管是哪一个。这就是你要开始的地方。准备好了吗？深呼吸。我们开始吧！
Now, just draw but notice where you are, you're starting there and you see there is a corner, maybe there's a curve there. Notice those little lines, the eyelashes. People are wearing masks, some aren't, just work with that. Now just go slow. Pay attention and draw what you see. And don't look down. Just keep going. (Murmuring) And just five more seconds. And stop. Look down at your beautiful drawings.
现在，画画，但注意你在哪里，你从那里开始，你看到有一个角，可能有一条曲线。注意那些细小的线条，睫毛。人们戴着面具，有些人不戴，只是戴着面具。现在慢慢来。注意并画出你所看到的。不要往下看。继续走。（喃喃地）再等五秒钟。停下来。看看你美丽的图画。
Right? Show your partner their incredible portrait. It's so good, right? I want to see them. Hold them up. Can you guys hold them up? Hold up, everybody. Oh my gosh. Are you kidding me? You all are amazing. OK, you can put your drawings back down, tuck them under, put them on the paper.
正当向你的伴侣展示他们令人难以置信的肖像。太好了，对吧？我想看看他们。举起来。你们能举起来吗？大家等一下。天哪。你在开玩笑吧？你们都很了不起。好的，你可以把你的画放回去，塞在下面，放在纸上。
That was wonderful. I mean, they're all terrible, but they're wonderful. Why are they wonderful? Because you all just drew a face. You drew what you saw. You didn't draw what you think a face looks like, right? You also just did something that people rarely do.
那太好了。我的意思是，他们都很糟糕，但他们都很棒。为什么它们很棒？因为你们都画了张脸。你画了你所看到的。你没有画你认为一张脸是什么样子的，对吧？你也做了一些人们很少做的事。
You just made intimate eye-to-eye, face-to-face contact with someone without shying away for almost a minute. Through drawing, you slowed down, you paid attention, you looked closely at someone and you let them look closely at you. Good job. I have found that drawing like this creates an immediate connection like nothing else. Alright.
你只是和某人进行了亲密的眼神、面对面的接触，几乎一分钟都没有退缩。通过画画，你们放慢了速度，你们注意了，你们仔细地看着某人，你们让他们仔细地看着你们。干得漂亮。我发现像这样的画能创造一种与其他任何东西都不一样的直接联系。好吧。
So I call myself an illustrator and a graphic journalist. I draw, I tell stories. I spend time with people looking and listening. And I take the words of the people that I speak with and I put it together with drawings that I do, mostly from life, just like you all just did. I found that drawing like this does a lot of things that photography can't do. So when somebody points a camera at you, how do you feel?
所以我称自己为插画家和平面记者。我画画，我讲故事。我花时间和人们一起看和听。我把和我交谈的人的话和我画的画结合在一起，大部分来自生活，就像你们刚才做的一样。我发现像这样的绘画可以做很多摄影做不到的事情。所以当有人用相机指着你时，你感觉如何？
A little objectified, right? When I'm drawing, I hold my sketchbook low and it keeps an open channel between me and the person I'm drawing. A lot of time somebody will see me drawing and they'll get curious. They'll come over to me, and a real, authentic conversation begins.
有点客观化，对吧？当我画画的时候，我把写生簿放低，它在我和我画画的人之间保持了一个畅通的渠道。很多时候，有人会看到我画画，他们会感到好奇。他们会来找我，一场真实的对话就开始了。
Let me give you an example. So a while back, I wanted to do a drawn story about how the public library serves our elders. But after spending a few days kind of lurking around with a sketch pad, looking over older folks' shoulders and asking them what they were reading, I wasn't really getting the story.
让我给你举个例子。所以不久前，我想写一个关于公共图书馆如何为我们的长者服务的故事。但是在花了几天的时间拿着画板四处闲逛，凑近老人的肩膀，问他们在读什么，我并没有真正理解这个故事。
Until I stumbled upon Leah. Leah is the first, and at the time was the only, full-time social worker dedicated to a library in the nation. Turns out, public library definitely serves our elders. It is also a social service epicenter of a city. This is Charles. Charles works with Leah. And he does outreach within the library to folks who are experiencing homelessness.
直到我偶然发现了利亚。Leah是第一位，也是当时唯一一位全职社会工作者，致力于国家图书馆的工作。事实证明，公共图书馆绝对是为我们的长辈服务的。它也是一个城市的社会服务中心。这是查尔斯。查尔斯和利亚一起工作。他在图书馆里为无家可归的人做宣传。
And he took me around, I carried my sketch pad and I was drawing everything I saw, and he showed me a very different library than I'd previously seen. So computers that I assumed were for checking-out books, or, you know, looking at emails, were in fact a lifeline for folks who are searching for jobs and housing.
他带我四处转转，我拿着画板，画着我看到的一切，他给我看了一个和我以前看到的完全不同的图书馆。所以我以为电脑是用来借书的，或者，你知道的，用来看电子邮件的，实际上是那些正在寻找工作和住房的人们的生命线。
The sinks in the public restroom, they are a laundromat and showers for folks who are sleeping on the street. A library is a safe, quiet place where anybody can go and find resources and rest for free. See, the moment I stopped looking for the story that I expected to see, an entirely new and richer truth was revealed. I found this to be true with everything and everyone I've ever drawn.
公共卫生间的洗涤槽是自助洗衣店，为在街上睡觉的人提供淋浴。图书馆是一个安全、安静的地方，任何人都可以在这里免费找到资源和休息。看，当我停止寻找我期望看到的故事时，一个全新的、更丰富的真相被揭示了。我发现我画过的每件事和每一个人都是如此。
OK, so I draw from life, right, like you guys did. And so I built myself a mobile studio in the back of a swanky Honda Element -- So that I could go anywhere, talk to anyone at any time and then draw and paint and sleep in the back. It is very cozy.
好吧，我从生活中汲取，对吧，就像你们一样。于是我在一辆豪华的本田车的后面为自己建造了一个移动工作室，这样我就可以去任何地方，随时和任何人交谈，然后在后面画画和睡觉。非常舒适。
I was on the road in Utah, drawing and talking to people, when I spotted on the side of the road a hand-painted wooden sign. It said "Bootmaker." I stopped. A tall, white, handle-barred mustache man wearing a cowboy shirt, opened the door and found me, a sketchbook-carrying, jumpsuit-wearing, urban, lefty lesbian, smiling like, waving like a dork.
我在犹他州的路上，一边画画一边和人们交谈，这时我在路边发现了一个手绘的木制标志。上面写着“鞋匠”，我停了下来。一个高个子，白色，留着胡子，穿着牛仔衬衫的男人打开门，发现我，一个拿着素描本，穿着连体衣的都市左撇子女同性恋，像个傻瓜一样微笑，挥手。
When I spotted the stuffed cougar on the wall behind him, this vegetarian thought she knew all she needed to know about Don the bootmaker. But there we were. So I asked him if he'd just show me quickly a little bit about his craft. He agreed. And we ended up spending the whole day together, as I drew out Don in his workshop, and he told me about the sudden death of his beloved wife, about his deep, deep grief, and about this hunting trip that he was planning, and so looking forward to taking with his son.
当我看到他身后墙上的美洲狮标本时，这位素食主义者认为她知道所有她需要知道的关于鞋匠唐的事情。但是我们到了。所以我问他能不能快点给我看看他的手艺。他同意了。我们在一起度过了整整一天，我在他的工作室里把唐拉出来，他告诉我他心爱的妻子突然去世的事，他深深的悲痛，还有他计划的这次狩猎之旅，他期待着和他的儿子一起去。
Every tool in that shop held a story. And he was so, so happy to share it with somebody who was genuinely curious and interested. By the end of the day, Don and I looked very different to one another. And this drawing, which ended up in my visual column in the New York Times or as Don likes to call it, the fake-news media -- now hangs framed on the wall of his big game trophy room.
那家商店的每一件工具都有一个故事。他非常非常高兴能和一个真正好奇和感兴趣的人分享。一天结束时，我和唐看起来很不一样。这幅画最终出现在我在《纽约时报》的视觉专栏中，或者唐喜欢称之为“假新闻媒体”——现在挂在他大型比赛奖杯室的墙上。
So I was getting ready to start on a new drawn story when the pandemic hit. And overnight I was, like so many people, just unable to do my job. It was my own mother who suggested that I teach drawing to kids. Kids who were about to lose their routines, be stuck at home, and to help give parents a much needed short break. Now I'm trained as a social worker, but I'd never taught kids before.
因此，当流感大流行袭来时，我正准备开始一个新的故事。一夜之间，我和许多人一样，无法完成我的工作。是我母亲建议我教孩子们画画。孩子们即将失去他们的日常生活，被困在家里，并帮助父母获得急需的短暂休息。现在我接受了社会工作者的培训，但我以前从未教过孩子们。
But the night before school closures in San Francisco, I went on Instagram and announced that the next day we'd try something called DrawTogether. 10 am. I sat behind my drawing table in my home studio and my wonderful wife pointed an iPhone at me and pressed "Go live." And what I thought would be 100 kids, ended up being 12,000. All eager to draw a dog.
但是在旧金山上学前一天晚上，我登了Instagram，并宣布第二天我们会尝试一种叫做缩合的方法。上午10点。我坐在家里画室的画桌后面，我的好妻子拿着iPhone指着我，按下“拍摄键”。我以为会有100个孩子，结果是12000个。所有人都渴望画一条狗。
The next day, 14,000 kids came and we drew a tree, and that drawing exercise that you all just did. What was supposed to be five minutes for five days, ended up being 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for months. And yeah, we talked about line and shape and we learned about perspective and light and shadow. But what was really going on was we were actively looking our way through a global catastrophe together.
第二天，14000个孩子来了，我们画了一棵树，还有你们刚才做的画画练习。本来是五天五分钟，结果是一天三十分钟，一周五天，几个月。是的，我们讨论了线条和形状，还学习了透视、光和影。但真正发生的是，我们正在积极寻找共同度过一场全球灾难的途径。
See, drawing slows us down. It keeps our hands moving so we can pay attention to things that we usually overlook or that we ignore. Studies show that drawing is one of the most effective ways for kids to process their emotions, and that includes trauma. It helps us talk about hard things. We say something in DrawTogether, it sounds hokey, but it is true.
看，画画让我们慢下来。它让我们的手不断移动，这样我们就可以关注我们通常忽略或忽略的事情。研究表明，绘画是儿童处理情绪的最有效方式之一，其中包括创伤。它帮助我们谈论困难的事情。我们一起慢吞吞地说些什么，听起来很滑稽，但这是真的。
Drawing is looking and looking is loving. If we can give kids the right supportive environment, drawing helps them let go of perfectionism and fear of failure so that they, unlike you and me, and especially those of us who might have freaked out just a wee bit when I said earlier we were going to draw, right? We can let go of these harder self-judgments so we don't have to undo them later in life.
画画就是看，看就是爱。如果我们能给孩子们一个合适的支持环境，画画可以帮助他们摆脱完美主义和对失败的恐惧，这样他们就不像你和我，尤其是那些在我早些时候说我们要画画的时候可能会有点惊慌失措的人，对吗？我们可以放下这些更难的自我判断，这样我们就不必在以后的生活中撤销它们。
OK, I don't expect you all to become drawers. But I do know that all of us, kids, grownups, everyone in this room, we can all be better at looking. Because this is not a face. And when we live like this drawing, we miss out on all of the depth and detail of the world and people around us. This is a face. And this is a face. And that is such a face. (Laughs) And these are faces.
好吧，我不希望你们都成为抽屉里的人。但我知道，我们所有人，孩子们，成年人，这个房间里的每个人，我们都可以更善于观察。因为这不是一张脸。当我们像这幅画一样生活时，我们错过了世界和我们周围人的所有深度和细节。这是一张脸。这是一张脸。这就是这样一张脸。这些是脸。
And if you slow down, I promise, pay attention and really look. You will fall back in love with the world and everyone in it. And after the past few years we've had, I think we all desperately need a chance to look closely at one another and at ourselves, and tell the real truth about what we see. Thank you.
如果你慢下来，我保证，注意点，认真看。你会重新爱上这个世界和其中的每一个人。在过去的几年里，我认为我们都迫切需要一个机会来密切关注彼此和自己，并说出我们所看到的真实情况。非常感谢。
Remark：一切权益归TED所有，更多TED相关信息可至官网www.ted.com查询！
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