温哥华英文教练,致力于地道英文表达
所谓“自相矛盾”是指某些单词包含了相互矛盾的意思;“彼此无关”是指一个单词有几层意思,而各层意思之间完全无关。不结合上下文,我们无法判断它们到底是什么意思。
Agape 做形容词讲是“目瞪口呆的”(发音a’geip),如She stood there with her mouth agape. 做名词讲是“基督之爱”,从基督教的发展来看,上帝爱世人就是agape(发音相应变为a’gapi),后来,这个词扩展到朋友之爱(pholio)、亲情之爱(brotherhood)、夫妻之爱(eros)、邻里之爱、同事之爱,乃至“爱你的仇敌”……例句:God’s own agape is revealed when He sent His one and only son into the world, so that through Him we could have life.
Cleave 做动词讲,有“劈开”和“粘住;坚持;依恋”之意。之所以自相矛盾,是因为劈开了,怎么还粘得住? He still cleaves to his ideals. Racial problem cleaves America society.
Commencement 做名词讲,有开始的意思,如the commencement of the financial year (财年开始);也有“毕业典礼”的意思,如The president gave a commencement address today to the University of California. 毕业典礼是一个结束,所以这个词是自相矛盾的,不过想想也正常,一个结束,不就是一个新的开始吗?
Fuse 做动词讲,有“熔化”和“融合”之意。喂,熔化了,还能合在一起么?晕! He skillfully fuses these fragments into a cohesive whole. I have fused the lights.
Fain: 做副词、形容词讲,是乐意地、乐意的,如I would fain do as you ask. 我欣然听候你的吩咐;但是也有“强迫的”意思,如此一来就凌乱了,Great Britain was fain to devote its whole energy … to the business of slaying and being slain
Flammable和inflammable跟上面那组一样,这两个看上去是互为反义的词,其实是一个意思,都是“易燃的,易怒的”,它们的反义词是nonflammable。
Invaluable 做形容词讲是“无价的;极其珍贵的”。通常,前缀in有表示否定的含义,我们知道valuable是“无价的;极其珍贵的”,因此会想当然地认为invaluable是valuable的反义词。结果上当了。它们二者是一个意思,其反义词是worthless, useless, dispensable等。另外一个表示同样含义的词是priceless,通常less这个后缀也表否定,但priceless却不是“没有价值”,相反,是“价值连城的”,与invaluable近义。
Iterate做动词是“强调;重申;反复说”的意思,在前面加re这个前缀意思不变。
Lick 做动词是“舔”的意思,这很多人都知道,但这个词还有个常见的意思,那就是“重创;重挫;打败”。例句:The cat licked its paws clean. Manchester licked Chelsea last Friday in an English Premier League match.
Oversight 做名词有“监管”的意思,还有“失察”的意思,想想看,监管又失察?例句:It is an oversight on my part. He has general oversight of the training.
Ravel 做动词是“拆开;解开”的含义,前面加一个否定前缀un,变成unravel意思还是一样。我们看两个例句:He could unravel a knot that others wouldn’t even attempt. I could not ravel this piece of string; it’s all in knots. 需要特别注意,ravel会出幺蛾子,因为它除了“解开”的意思以外,也有“解不开;使纠缠”的意思,比如He raveled the reel of thread up. 相对来讲,另外一组表示“缠绕”和“解开”的词,tangle and untangle就要清楚很多,tangle就是“缠绕”,如My hair tangles easily. Untangle就是“解开”,如People are trying to untangle several reels of film.
Ravish 做动词讲有“强暴;抢夺”的意思,也有“使入迷,使陶醉”的意思!神马玩意儿!斯德哥尔摩综合征吗?来看两个例句:The melodious opera ravishes the audience. During the Second World War, my hometown was ravished and robbed.
Subject 做名词讲有“主语;主题”的意思,同时又包含“臣民;仆从”之意,这一“主”一“从”合体相当的分裂。
Swear,既有“咒骂”,She fell over and swore loudly. 也有“发誓”的意思,He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.
Sanction做名词讲有“制裁”和“批准”的含义。大家自行判断下面的例句中Sanction的含义。The UN Security Council imposes a new round sanction to that country. Without the sanction of the White House, that aid acts on his own.
Terrific 做形容词讲有“极好的”之意,但也有“可怕的”的含义;既是“极好”,又哪来“可怕”?例句:You look terrific. His body presented a terrific emblem of death.
这个名单或许还会拉长,我希望不要太长。
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