大清雍正年制蒜头瓶

作为国粹，陶瓷艺术一直以来都是高雅的代名词。这些珍贵的陶瓷精品多数生产于皇宫之中，如今又被珍藏于深宫内院，仿佛不沾半点烟火气。但凡事皆有例外，陈设瓷中的蒜头瓶便是出身市井，而且造型生动有趣，让人难以忽略它自身的饮食气息。蒜头瓶，顾名思义，就是头部像大蒜的一种瓶子，其前身是秦汉年间的蒜头壶。这种壶的特征是蒜头形小口，长颈、圆腹。东汉时期的蒜头壶，肩部还有人物、龙、虎等纹饰的堆塑。

蒜头瓶是宋朝时在蒜头壶的基础上加以发挥而制成，此后在瓷器烧造中，蒜头瓶便蔚为壮观。蒜头瓶发展宋朝，因宋人认为可塞其口，而瓶颈细长便于握持，瓶腹扁矮可以盛装，故称之为温壶，用作酒器。宋以后为仿古器式，历代皆有。明、清景德镇窑还生产有青花、五彩、粉彩及单色釉品种。许之衡《饮流斋说瓷 》载：“蒜头者，口似蒜头，而体段则近油锤，宋制已有之，后此尤伙。纯色、青花多有之。

”古人爱饮酒，因此酒器也在逐渐创新和发展。蒜头瓶自元代开始便从酒器演变成为陈设艺术品，因而其器型也开始逐渐完美，饰纹也开始丰富多彩了起来，后逐渐成为历代皇室必用之物。清乾隆帝对此瓶的灵情不减，唐英榷陶时期多有谕旨制作。这一时期生产的蒜头瓶器型日趋完美，饰纹也逐渐丰富多样。此瓶蒜头形口，束颈细长，鼓腹，圈足，通体以青花为饰，口沿处绘变形莲瓣纹，肩颈处绘波浪纹配以如意云纹，腹部主题为饰为八角形变体宝相花纹，纹饰清新素净。宝相花团呈放射状排列，饱满和谐。瓶底圈足内青花双圈内书“大清雍正年制”六字楷书款。此器造型小巧别致，胎质细腻，釉面光润莹澈，青花色泽淡雅，工致细腻，其器形直追商周，所绘宝相花纹媲美成窑，实为雍正朝摹古佳作。

As the quintessence of Chinese culture, ceramic art has always been synonymous with elegance. Most of these precious ceramic products were produced in the Imperial Palace, and now they are treasured in the inner courtyard of the deep palace, as if they were free from smoke and fire. But there are exceptions to everything. The garlic bottle in the display porcelain is from the market, and its shape is vivid and interesting, which makes it difficult to ignore its own dietary flavor. Garlic bottle, as the name suggests, is a kind of bottle with a head like garlic. Its predecessor was the garlic pot in the Qin and Han Dynasties. This kind of pot is characterized by garlic shaped small mouth, long neck and round belly. The garlic pot in the Eastern Han Dynasty also had figures, dragons and tigers on its shoulders. The garlic bottle was made on the basis of the garlic pot in the Song Dynasty. Since then, in the firing of porcelain, the garlic bottle has become spectacular. Garlic bottles developed in the Song Dynasty. Because people in the Song Dynasty thought they could plug their mouth, the bottleneck was slender and easy to hold, and the belly of the bottle was flat and short, so they were called warm pots and used as wine vessels. After the Song Dynasty, it was an antique style, which existed in all dynasties. Jingdezhen kilns in the Ming and Qing dynasties also produce blue and white, multicolored, pastel and monochrome glazes. Xu Zhiheng's "drinking Liuzhai and talking about porcelain" contains: "garlic is like garlic in mouth, and its body is close to oil hammer. It was made in Song Dynasty, and later it was especially popular. There are many pure colors, blue and white." The ancients loved drinking, so wine vessels were also gradually innovated and developed. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the garlic bottle has evolved from a wine vessel into a display art, so its shape began to be perfect, and the decorative patterns began to be rich and colorful. Later, it gradually became a must for the royal family in previous dynasties. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty had no less spiritual affection for this bottle, and there were many edicts made during Tang Ying's discussion of pottery. The garlic bottles produced in this period were becoming more and more perfect, and the decorative patterns were becoming more and more rich and diverse. This bottle has a garlic shaped mouth, a slender neck, a bulging belly and a encircled foot. The whole body is decorated with blue and white flowers. The mouth edge is painted with deformed lotus petal pattern, the shoulder and neck is painted with wavy pattern with Ruyi cloud pattern, and the belly theme is decorated with octagonal variant treasure pattern. The pattern is fresh and simple. Baoxiang flower clusters are arranged radially, full and harmonious. The six character regular script of "Yongzheng year of the Qing Dynasty" is written in blue and white circles at the bottom of the bottle. The shape of this ware is small and unique, the tire quality is exquisite, the glaze is smooth, the color of blue and white is elegant, and the work is exquisite. Its shape is directly after that of the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The painted treasure patterns are comparable to that of Chengyao, which is actually a masterpiece of imitating ancient times in the Yongzheng Dynasty.