高考英语阅读七选五精讲专题练习：说明文体（总-分-总）

专题指导

1，考生在新答阅读七选五题时，要学会从宏观视角分析语篇结构，首先，要辨别文章的体裁通常为说明文。说明文有时采用“总一分一总”结构，作者通常在文章的开头部分提出要说明的问题，在中间部分进行说明或阐释，要注意使用何种说明方法，采取哪些策略，如何解决问题，在结尾部分作出总结或得出结论。

2要剖析作者是以何种语篇结构模式来行文的。考生只有把握了语篇的结构模式才可以站在一定的高度，梳理语篇的脉络，获悉主要信息对主题的支撑和论证功能，为准确掌握语篇的发展方向和主旨大意奠定基础，从而降低阅读时的焦虑心理，此外，考生也可以自己画出语篇的结构框架图，即思维导图。

考生要学会寻找各段的主题句。英语语篇通常采用“开门见山”的模式，段落主题句一般会出现在文中的开头。主题句也会出现在段尾，对段落起总结概括的作用。找到段落主题句，把握文章的主旨大意，有利于缩小选择的范围，减小冗余信息对考生的影响，提高解题的正确率。

精练必刷题

（一）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Spending your spare time alone or with your friends, which do you prefer? For me, I'd rather be alone. ____1____ Being with friends can be fun and can help you get through the rough spots in life. However, it's the time alone, I think, that forms you as a person.

____2____ Of course, I can think about these things when I’m with others, but it's harder to concentrate in a crowd. Being alone gives me the quiet time to really think about my life and what I want to do with it.

By staying alone, I can listen to the silence and relax completely. When I'm alone I can practice meditation (冥想) and lower my stress level. ____3____ Too much time with friends means filling my mind with a lot of chats. That’s enjoyable for a moment, but can dull my Concentration.

If I’m with other people, it's easy sometimes to become too worried about what other people think of me. When I'm alone I have time to step back. ____4____

Finally, when I’m constantly in the company of other people, I’m always making compromises in order to find solutions that the entire group can enjoy. ____5____

It’s natural to want to be with other people, but I find the time I spend alone is more valuable to me in the long run.

A. And that naturally leads to you feeling more independent.

B. This will prevents me from doing things I actually enjoy.

C. I need this time alone to re-energize my mind and spirit.

D. That's a very good way to sharpen my powers of concentration.

E. The time spent alone gives you a greater appreciation for yourself.

F. When alone, I have time to think about my goals and to develop a strategy to reach them.

G. Thus, I can see the real value of things, without being influenced by the opinions of others.

（二）

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.

16．_______We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.

“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life. ” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 17．_______It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life. ”

18．_______“I can tell you about one young couple，” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 19．_______”

So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 20．_______ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive. ”

A．So why do we dance?

B．Dance in the U. S. is everywhere.

C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.

D．My older students say it makes them feel young.

E. I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.

F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.

G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.

（三）

Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.

Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won't make you best friends.__1__ It also can make it easier to interact the next time.

Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don't belong, try joining a specialinterest group. Maybe it's the drama club or the marching band.__2__

Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.__3__ Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.

__4__ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That's why it's important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.

You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.

__5__ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.

A．But it will make you both feel pretty good.

B．So consider becoming a volunteer.

C．Some teens aren't so adaptable, however.

D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you.

E．Choose the right people.

F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary.

G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually.

答案解析

一、

【答案】1. C 2. F 3. D 4. G 5. B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。我享受独处的时光。独处的时光让我心灵充沛，是我的精神家园。短文介绍了对于作者的益处。

【1题详解】

上一句说“For me, I'd rather be alone”对我来说，我宁愿一个人呆着。此句承接上文，解释独处对自己的意义：我需要这段独处的时光让自己的心灵和精神重新获得能量。故选C。

【2题详解】

这篇文章为总-分-总式结构，从第二段开始逐一分述独处的具体作用。根据第二段后文可知，独处给我时间真正思考自己的人生，思考自己想要生活，段首句应该能概括这一点，故F选项“当我一个人的时候，我有时间思考我的目标，并制定一个策略来实现它们”本段标题。故选F。

【3题详解】

根据上句故“当我独自一人时，我可以练习冥想，降低我的压力水平”可知选项承接上文。故D选项“这是一个很好的方法来提高我的注意力。”切题。选D。

【4题详解】

根据上一句“当我一个人的时候，我有更多的时间”选项承接上文，故G选项“因此，我可以看到事物的真正价值，而不受他人意见的影响。”切题。故选G。

【5题详解】

前面一句说与众共处时，总是在妥协以求团体开心，这样做的结果就是我不能做自己真正喜欢的事。选项承接上文。故B选项“这样做的结果就是我不能做自己真正喜欢的事”切题。故选B。

【点睛】做七选五时，分析语篇结构非常重要。同学们需要在把握全文结构的情况下，根据具体的上下文，确定合适的选项。例如第2题，这是一个段首句，既要引

领后文，又要与全文结构保持一致。这篇文章先总述自己爱独处的偏好，然后分述与群处相比，独处的诸般好处。综合这两点，就可以确定这里应该在陈述独处对于确立自己的人生目标和人生策略的作用，故得出正确答案F。

二、

[分析]　本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的力量与价值。

16．B[段首题。段首句多是段落主题句，是对段中其他句子的总结。根据其他句子的地点，是在美国，主要描述舞蹈无处不在。]

[错项分析]　容易错选C项，但是C项强调是在“户外”跳舞，段落中没有提及这个内容。

17．D[段中题。本段是介绍Bridge开办舞蹈班，因为非常热爱跳舞。前文Teaching dance is wonderful可知，下句跟教跳舞有关。再根据后句it’s great to watch them，所填选项应该有them所指代的对象，D项中的students符合。]

[错项分析]F和G项也符合下句them指代的内容， 但是F项中的change their feeling跟后文无关，G项中的singing也与文中内容无关。

18．A[段首题。根据本段内容，讲述了一对夫妇来跳舞后精神变好了，所以本句首句是关于跳舞对人的精神有好的作用，即跟跳舞的原因有关。]

[错项分析]　本题容易错选F。因为是段首句，所以F句中的their feeling在上文无所指。

19．F[段末题。根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变。]

[错项分析]　如果18题选错，本题也会出错。F项放在这里their feeling就可以指前面夫妇的精神状况。

20．E[段中题。根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。]

三、

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何应对孤独的一些建议。

1．选A　根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”之间存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。

2．选G　根据上文“Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don't belong, try joining a specialinterest group.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒服的团体，所以选G项。

3．选B　根据上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故B项“因此考虑做一名志愿者”衔接下文“Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。

4．选E　根据下文“That's why it's important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，E项中的“Choose”对应“select”，所以选E项。

5．选F　根据空后内容可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复存在，所以选F项。