中国学者在俄媒撰文：为什么要尽快给中国人免签入境

编者按：针对中国已给予俄罗斯公民免签入境的政策之后，俄方何时采取对等对华免签政策的疑问，一直是很多中国人的关注重点。11月19日，俄罗斯总统普京表示，针对中国公民赴俄免签政策，将于近期生效。此前，中国人民大学重阳金融研究院院长、全球领导力学院院长王文已在。10月28日，王文在俄罗斯著名期刊《》（世界事务中的俄罗斯）用英俄双语发文，系统阐述俄罗斯对华免签政策背后的巨大机遇。现将中文译文及英文原文发布如下： （中文译文约2000字，预计阅读时间5分钟）

▲ 10月28日，王文在俄罗斯顶级期刊《Russia In Global Affairs》（世界事务中的俄罗斯）发表文章

文章中文翻译版

自从2025年8月底中国政府宣布给俄罗斯公民入境免签政策以来，中国人就非常关心俄罗斯政府何时对等地给中国公民免签政策。尽管此后几天，在上，普京总统宣布尽快推动对华免签政策，但一个月过去了，这项政策仍未落地。

在2025年索契举行的瓦尔代俱乐部年会上，。当我询问拉夫罗夫外长“俄罗斯何时能给中国人免签”时，他幽默地答道：“后天！”这虽是一句玩笑话，却透露出俄罗斯决策层对这事儿的热切关注、紧迫意识和审慎思考。

紧接着，——他不仅对中国免签政策致以“ 令人欣喜的意外 ”的评价，更明确要求相关部门“ 好好督办 ”对等措施，用“ 中国兄弟姐妹 ”的称谓诠释了两国关系的温度。

作为常年关注中俄关系的观察者，在与多位俄罗斯朋友交流后，我深知，这项政策背后，俄罗斯社会仍有三重顾虑需要厘清。

首先是社会治理能力的担忧。

一些朋友认为，俄罗斯幅员辽阔，部分地区的公共服务与管理效率尚未跟上国际节奏，突然放开免签可能加剧俄罗斯各个城市的社会治理压力。但是，请别忘了，治理能力从来不是静态的，而是在开放中迭代升级的。中国绥芬河、满洲里等口岸在对俄免签后，通过引入生物信息核验、优化通关流程，实现了平均不足2分钟的高效通关，这种经验已通过中俄边境合作机制共享。

中国过去四十年多的经验，就是在开放中不断优化社会治理，成功应对了人类历史上规模最大，速度最快的人口流动与城镇化进程。比如，每年春节假期一周，中国有超过20亿人次的人口流动。目前有47个国家公民入境中国免签。这些政策不断倒逼中国国内治理的改革。

更重要的是，中俄正在推进的上百个重大投资项目，涵盖能源装备、电子设备等领域，这些合作本身就在为俄罗斯带来现代化管理经验。免签不过是让治理升级的需求更迫切、动力更充足。

其次是通关程序简化的现实困难。

确实，传统通关模式依赖人工核验，短期内扩容面临压力，但技术早已给出解决方案。中国赴俄旅游人数从2023年的20万人次增长到2024年的85万人次，这一增长已倒逼莫斯科谢列梅捷沃机场试点“中俄快速通道”，通过智能闸机与预约系统，使团队旅客通关时间缩短40%。普京总统提到的"督办"，正是推动官僚体系提速的关键——就像中国对俄免签后迅速调配的查验设备，俄方完全可以通过专项投入与流程再造破解难题，而不是被现有程序束缚。

事实上，在中国早有一套成熟的入境人员技术管理经验。俄罗斯不妨借鉴中国海南自贸港“一线放开、二线管住”的经验，开发一套集生物识别、电子签注、风险预判于一体的智能通关体系，快速构建便捷的人员往来通关技术支撑。

最受关注的，莫过于对“中国人大量进入”的顾虑。

这种担忧本质是对未知的谨慎，但数据会给出最客观的答案。2024年中俄双边贸易额达2448亿美元，中国连续15年保持俄罗斯第一大贸易伙伴地位，中国智能手机在俄市场份额已达86%，11个中国汽车品牌跻身俄乘用车销量前15名，俄罗斯已成为中国汽车最大进口国。

这些数字背后，是中俄交往为俄罗斯社会创造的就业岗位，是填补制裁空缺的民生商品，而非“资源争夺”。即便免签后游客增长，2024年85万赴俄中国游客带来的也不是负担。莫斯科红场周边的纪念品商店，远东地区的跨境旅游合作社，都因中国游客的到来实现营收增长30%以上。他们都是守法、高素质的游客、商务人士和投资者。他们的到来，意味着消费、投资和就业机会。

更值得重视的是，中俄交往始终在为俄罗斯发展提供稳定支撑，两国经济贸易投资合作的增长是不可阻挡的趋势。俄罗斯咨询公司SINORUS数据显示，最近三年间，在俄罗斯注册的中国公司约有2500家，总数已超过9000家。这意味着，在俄罗斯境内的中国公司中，超过三分之一是在2022年特别军事行动开始后注册的。2024年俄罗斯企业在华直接投资同比增长47%。莫斯科交易所的数据显示，俄企通过沪港通渠道增持中国上市公司股份的规模，已从2022年的80亿美元飙升至2025年的320亿美元。

两国快速增长的交往已让相互免签的政策需求急剧上升。

免签从来不是“ 单方面的便利 ”，而是双向的机遇。它能让更多中国游客亲身体验摩尔曼斯克的极光、喀山的古迹、索契的宜居环境以及俄罗斯年轻人蓬勃的创造力，打破西方媒体塑造的片面印象。免签政策会让更多中国企业家带着技术、资金走进西伯利亚，激活远东的发展潜力；更能让两国人民在日常交往中读懂彼此的善意，就像普京总统所说，“ 国家关系的基础建立在人与人的层面上 ”。

那些治理难题、程序障碍，不过是开放路上的必经考验。中国愿意分享经验，中俄的合作基础足以应对挑战。免签是为中国社会打开一扇深入了解俄罗斯的“机会之窗”。与其担心“ 中国人来得太多 ”，不如期待“ 了解来得更深 ”。

当每一位到访的中国公民都成为俄罗斯的见证者与宣传员，当每一次跨境往来都转化为合作动能，中俄关系的根基将更加牢固。这正是免签政策最珍贵的价值所在。

英文原文

When will Russia grant visa-free entry to Chinese citizens?

Wang Wen

Ever since the Chinese government announced visa-free entry for Russian citizens at the end of August 2025, the Chinese have been extremely concerned about when the Russian government would reciprocate. Although President Putin announced at the Eastern Economic Forum a few days later that the visa-free policy for China would be implemented as soon as possible, a month later, the policy has still not been implemented.

At the 2025 Valdai Club Annual Meeting in Sochi, I had a brief private conversation with Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov. When I asked Lavrov, "When will Russia grant visa-free entry to Chinese citizens?" he humorously replied, "The day after tomorrow!" While a joke, this remark revealed the keen attention, urgency, and careful consideration of Russian decision-makers regarding this matter.

Following this, President Putin's remarks at the closing ceremony were even more impressive. He not only described China's visa-free policy as a "pleasant surprise," but also explicitly instructed relevant departments to "vigorously supervise" the implementation of reciprocal measures. His use of the term "Chinese brothers and sisters" underscored the warmth of the relationship between the two countries.

As a longtime observer of China-Russia relations, and after communicating with many Russian friends, I'm deeply aware that Russian society still has three concerns behind this policy that need to be addressed.

First, concerns about social governance capacity.

Some believe that Russia's vast territory means that public services and management efficiency in some regions haven't kept pace with international trends. A sudden extension of visa-free entry could exacerbate social governance pressures in Russian cities. However, let's not forget that governance capacity is never static; it evolves through iterative upgrades amidst openness. After implementing visa-free entry to Russia, Chinese ports such as Suifenhe and Manzhouli have achieved efficient customs clearance times averaging less than two minutes by introducing biometric verification and optimizing customs clearance procedures. This experience has been shared through the China-Russia Border Cooperation Mechanism.

China's experience over the past four decades has been to continuously optimize social governance amidst openness, successfully managing the fastest-growing population migration and urbanization in human history. For example, during the week-long Spring Festival holiday each year, China sees over two billion people move through the country. Currently, citizens of 47 countries enjoy visa-free entry into China. These policies are constantly forcing reforms in China's domestic governance.

More importantly, China and Russia are advancing hundreds of major investment projects in areas such as energy equipment and electronic equipment. This collaboration itself is providing Russia with modern management experience. Visa-free travel simply makes the need for governance upgrades more urgent and the impetus stronger.

Secondly, there are practical difficulties in streamlining customs clearance procedures.

Indeed, the traditional customs clearance model relies on manual verification, and short-term expansion faces pressure, but technology has long provided a solution. The number of Chinese tourists to Russia is projected to increase from 200,000 in 2023 to 850,000 in 2024. This growth has already forced Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport to pilot the "China-Russia Fast Track," which uses smart gates and a reservation system to reduce customs clearance times for group travelers by 40%. The "supervision" mentioned by President Putin is the key to accelerating the bureaucratic system—just as the inspection equipment quickly deployed by China after the visa-free policy was implemented. Russia can overcome these challenges through dedicated investment and process reengineering, rather than being constrained by existing procedures.

In fact, China already has a mature set of technical management practices for inbound personnel. Russia could learn from China's Hainan Free Trade Port's experience of "opening up the front lines and tightening control in the back lines" and develop an intelligent customs clearance system integrating biometrics, electronic visa endorsements, and risk assessment. This will soon create a technological system for convenient personnel exchanges.

The most concerning issue is the concern about "mass influx of Chinese nationals."

This concern is essentially a caution about the unknown, but data will provide the most objective answer. In 2024, China-Russia bilateral trade reached US$244.8 billion. China has remained Russia's largest trading partner for 15 consecutive years. Chinese smartphones have already captured 86% of the Russian market share. Eleven Chinese auto brands are among the top 15 Russian passenger car sales, and Russia has become the largest importer of Chinese cars.

Behind these figures lie the jobs created by Sino-Russian exchanges in Russian society and the provision of essential goods to fill the gaps left by sanctions, rather than a "grab of resources." Even if the number of tourists increases after visa-free travel, the 850,000 Chinese tourists to Russia in 2024 will not pose a burden. Souvenir shops around Moscow's Red Square and cross-border tourism cooperatives in the Far East have seen revenue increases of over 30% thanks to the arrival of Chinese tourists. Those are law-abiding, highly qualified tourists, business people, and investors. Their presence represents consumption, investment, and job opportunities.

More importantly, China-Russian exchanges have consistently provided stable support for Russia's development, and the growth of economic, trade, and investment cooperation between the two countries is an unstoppable trend.

Data from the Russian consulting firm SINORUS shows that in the past three years, approximately 2,500 Chinese companies have registered in Russia, bringing the total to over 9,000. This means that over a third of Chinese companies in Russia were registered after the launch of special military operations in 2022. Direct investment by Russian companies in China increased by 47% year-on-year in 2024. Data from the Moscow Exchange shows that Russian companies' increased holdings of Chinese listed companies through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect have soared from $8 billion in 2022 to $32 billion in 2025.

The rapid growth of exchanges between the two countries has led to a sharp increase in demand for mutual visa-free policies.

Visa-free travel is never a one-sided convenience, but rather a two-way opportunity. It allows more Chinese tourists to experience firsthand the aurora borealis of Murmansk, the ancient monuments of Kazan, the livable city of Sochi, and the vibrant creativity of Russia's young people, shattering the one-sided image created by Western media. The visa-free policy will encourage more Chinese entrepreneurs to bring technology and capital to Siberia, unlocking the development potential of the Far East. It will also enable the people of both countries to appreciate each other's goodwill in their daily interactions. As President Putin said, "The foundation of state-to-state relations is built on the human level."

Governance challenges and procedural obstacles are merely necessary tests on the road to openness. China is willing to share its experience, and the foundation for China-Russia cooperation is sufficient to overcome these challenges. Visa-free travel opens a window of opportunity for Chinese society to gain a deeper understanding of Russia. Rather than worrying about "too many Chinese coming," we should hope for a deeper understanding.

When every visiting Chinese citizen becomes a witness and promoter of Russia, and when every cross-border exchange is transformed into momentum for cooperation, the foundation of China-Russia relations will be further solidified. This is the most valuable value of the visa-free policy.

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