为了让大家第一时间看到优质考研内容
千万!千万!千万!
记得【星标】或【置顶】考研外刊阅读
每晚21:00,外刊君陪你考研
中国高翻团队倾力之作
词数:481 words
难度:★★★☆☆
小贴士:
25考研最新课程(公共课+专业课)
扫码直接获取
⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎⬇︎
——大橙子留
✦ +
上期划线句答案
But now wehave tomark tone in informal communication online, which requires us to navigate an uncertain, ambiguous medium open to misinterpretation.
但现在,我们需要在线上非正式交流中表示出语气,这需要我们艰难应对一个容易被误解的,充满不确定性、模棱两可的媒介。
✦ +
本期内容
双语阅读
Para.1
The killer whales thatroamthe waters of the Monterey Submarine Canyon,off the coastof California, arebrutalanimals. When hunting grey whales, they target mother andcalfpairs, chasing them until the calves begin to tire. At that point the killer whales separate the grey whales bymanoeuvringbetween them or dragging the calves away by their tailflukesor fins. Once a calf is separated from its mother, the killer whales incapacitate it bybludgeoningit with their heads and tails before drowning it byleapingatop its blowhole to keep it below the surface.
在加利福尼亚沿海的蒙特雷海底峡谷水域游荡的虎鲸是凶残的动物。它们捕猎灰鲸时,会盯着成对的母鲸和幼鲸,一路追逐直至幼鲸精疲力竭。这时,虎鲸会在两者之间机动穿梭,或者拖拉幼鲸的尾巴或鳍把它拖走。一旦幼鲸与母鲸分开,虎鲸就会用头部和尾巴猛击幼鲸,使其失去行动能力,然后跃到它的背上压住喷水孔,使其不能浮上海面而溺死。
点击此处查看翻译
1.roam
英/ rəʊm /美/ roʊm /
v.漫步,闲逛;(眼睛)扫视,(手)扫过;(思绪,想象力)遨游
n.漫步
2.off the coast
离岸
3.brutal
英/ ˈbruːt(ə)l /美/ ˈbruːt(ə)l /
adj.野蛮的,凶残的;毫不掩饰的,直截了当的;令人不快的,糟糕的
4.calf
英/ kɑːf /美/ kæf /
n.小牛,牛犊;腓肠,小腿肚;(象、鲸等的)崽,幼兽;浮冰,幼冰
5.manoeuvre
英/ məˈnuːvə(r) /美/ məˈnuːvər /
n.熟练(谨慎)的动作;军事演习;策略,花招;欺诈性操作
v.(使谨慎或熟练地)移动;操纵,控制
6.fluke
英/ fluːk /美/ fluːk /
n.侥幸;锚爪;意外的挫折
vt.侥幸成功;意外受挫
vi.侥幸成功
7.bludgeon
英/ ˈblʌdʒən /美/ ˈblʌdʒən /
vt.恫吓;用棍棒打;猛烈攻击
n.棍棒;攻击
vi.恫吓;用棍棒打;猛烈攻击
8.leap
英/ liːp /美/ liːp /
v.猛冲,突然而迅速地移动;剧增,猛涨;赶紧抓住(机会);(心)猛跳;跳,跳跃
n.跳跃,跳高;骤变,激增;(对新事物的)认真尝试
点击此处查看词汇词组
Para.2
The killer whale (Orcinus orca) is a diverse species,boastingseveral isolated populations around the world thatoccupyvarying—and, in several cases, still little described—ecologicalniches. Two recent studies have shed some light on the unique hunting cultures of the killer whales thatstalkthe deep waters off the north-east Pacific Ocean.
虎鲸(逆戟鲸)是一个多样化的物种,在世界各地有多个孤立的种群,占据着不同的生态位——其中一些至今仍然鲜有记载。最近两项研究探究了在太平洋东北部深海中潜行的虎鲸,揭示了它们独特的狩猎文化。
点击此处查看翻译
1.boast
英/ bəʊst /美/ boʊst /
v.有(值得自豪的东西);吹嘘,夸耀
n.夸耀,自吹自擂,感到自豪的事
2.occupy
英/ ˈɒkjupaɪ /美/ ˈɑːkjupaɪ /
v.使用(房屋、建筑),居住;占据(空间,时间);使忙于(做某事);使一直在想;(军事)占领,占据;(尤指为表示抗议而)非法强占(建筑物);任职,位居
3.niche
英/ niːʃ /美/ niːʃ /
n.合适(称心)的工作(活动)(one's niche);壁龛;(产品的)商机;生态位(一个生物所占生境的最小单位)
v.把……放在壁龛中
adj.(产品)针对特定小群体的
4.stalk
英/ stɔːk /美/ stɔːk /
n.(植物的)茎,秆;(动物的)肉柄,肉茎;柄;(车辆)(转向柱上控制指示仪、灯光等的)手柄;悄悄追踪;高视阔步
v.偷偷接近,潜近;跟踪,盯梢;怒冲冲地走,趾高气扬地走;令人厌恶地穿过,威胁地通过; <文> (不好的气氛)笼罩,蔓延
点击此处查看词汇词组
Para.3
Distinct killer whale populations are known as “ecotypes” and can differ in size, colour and body proportion. Where their ecological rangesoverlap, ecotypes rarely interact and do not appear tointerbreed. Most of what makes killer-whale ecotypes distinct is their culture—socially learned behaviours that killer whales are known totransmitfrom one generation to the next. These include preferences for different marinepreyspecies and thecollaborativestrategies used to locate, hunt and kill them, potentiallyhoned overmillennia. Different killer-whale ecotypes even communicate using distinct “dialects” made of clicks, whistles and calls, with “accents” that differ between pods.
不同的虎鲸种群被称为“生态型”,体形、颜色和身型比例可能都有差异。即使在不同生态型的生存范围交集的地方,它们之间也很少互动,似乎也不会杂交。翻译划线句,在文末留言打卡,答案下期公布~这些行为包括对不同海洋猎物的偏好,以及寻觅、捕猎和杀死猎物的协作策略,可能历经数千年的磨练才形成。不同的虎鲸生态型甚至使用不同的“方言”交流,包含了各种咔哒声、口哨声和呼叫声,不同鲸群还有不同的“口音”。
点击此处查看翻译
1.overlap
英/ ˌəʊvəˈlæp /美/ ˌoʊvərˈlæp /
v.(与……)互搭,(与……)复叠;(在关注的问题、承担的责任等方面)部分地重叠,部分相同;(与……)同时发生
n.(物体的)重叠部分,重叠量;(范围方面的)重叠部分;(两事发生的)重叠时间,交接时期
2.interbreed
英/ ˌɪntəˈbriːd /美/ ˌɪntərˈbriːd /
vt.异种交配;混种;使品种间杂交
vi.异种交配;混种;杂种繁殖
3.transmit
英/ trænzˈmɪt /美/ trænzˈmɪt /
v.播送,传输,发射;传递,传达(思想、情感);传播,传染(病毒、疾病等);传导(声、电等),透(光等)
4.prey
英/ preɪ /美/ preɪ /
n.猎物,捕获物;受害者,受骗者; <古> 掠夺品
v.捕食;欺凌,坑害(尤指弱者);不断困扰,折磨
5.collaborative
英/ kəˈlæbərətɪv /美/ kəˈlæbəreɪtɪv /
adj.合作的,协作的
6.honed over
反复琢磨,不断磨练
点击此处查看词汇词组
Para.4
The most studied killer-whale ecotypes are the three that occupy the north-east Pacificcoastline, from northern Alaska to southern California. “Offshore” killer whales, up to 6.6 metres long,patroldistant waters in pods of 100 to 200 individuals, huntingpelagicfishes like sharks. “Resident” killer whales, around 7 metres in length, stalk the coastline in pods of up to 25 individuals, targeting coastal fishes (primarilysalmon). Finally, “transient” killer whales, each up to 8 metres in length, are found across both shallow and deep coastal waters and pursue marine mammals, includingcetaceans(whales and dolphins), as well aspinnipeds(sea lions and seals). While “inner-coast” transients stalk shallow waters near the shore, “outer-coast” transients hunt in the deep open waters alongcanyonsat the edge ofthe continental shelf.
被研究最多的虎鲸生态型有三种,它们生活在从阿拉斯加北部到加利福尼亚南部的东北太平洋海岸线。其中“离岸型”体长可达6.6米,以100至200头为一群在远洋游弋,捕食鲨鱼等浮泳鱼。“定居型”体长约7米,每群可达25头,在近海出没,捕食近海鱼类(主要是鲑鱼)。最后是“过境型”,体长达8米,在浅海和深海水域均有出现,捕食海洋哺乳动物,包括鲸目动物(鲸和海豚)及鳍足目动物(海狮和海豹)。“内海岸”过境型虎鲸在海岸附近的浅水区出没,而“外海岸”过境型虎鲸则在大陆架边缘的峡谷附近的开阔深水区捕猎。
点击此处查看翻译
1.coastline
英/ ˈkəʊstlaɪn /美/ ˈkoʊstlaɪn /
n.海岸线
2.patrol
英/ pəˈtrəʊl /美/ pəˈtroʊl /
n.巡逻,巡查;巡逻队,巡逻车;童子军小队; <英> (儿童穿越马路处的)交通管理员
v.(尤指士兵或员警)巡逻,巡查;(尤指威胁性)逛荡,闲逛
3.pelagic
英/ pəˈlædʒɪk /美/ pəˈlædʒɪk /
adj.浮游的;远洋的,深海的
4.salmon
英/ ˈsæmən /美/ ˈsæmən /
n.鲑鱼,三文鱼,大麻哈鱼;鲑鱼肉,三文鱼肉;鲑肉粉红色,浅橙色;类似鲑的鱼,尤指澳鲑,石首鱼
adj.浅橙色的
5.cetacean
英/ sɪˈteɪʃn /美/ sɪˈteɪʃn /
adj.鲸类的;鲸鱼的
n.鲸鱼;鲸类动物
6.pinniped
英/ ˈpɪnɪped /美/ ˈpɪnəped /
adj.鳍脚亚目动物的
n.鳍脚亚目动物
7.canyon
英/ ˈkænjən /美/ ˈkænjən /
n.(两边为峭壁、谷底通常有溪流的)峡谷
8.at the edge of
在……的边缘;接近……的边缘
点击此处查看词汇词组
Para.5
To understand thesetransientkiller whales better, Josh McInnes from the University of British Columbia in Canada led a team that analysed 261 sightings of killer whales around the Monterey Submarine Canyon System collected by surveys and whale-watchingvessels. The dataset included almost 100predationevents. Publishing their results in the journal PLOS ONE, Mr McInnes found patterns in behaviour of outer-coast transients that differed from those of their inner-coast cousins. The latterambushedharbour seals, sea lions and the occasionalotter, while the former tended to perform co-ordinated dives in their hunt for larger mammalian prey.
为了更好地了解这些过境型虎鲸,加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学的乔什·麦金尼斯带领的团队分析了通过调查和观鲸船收集的在蒙特雷海底峡谷系统周围的261次虎鲸目击事件。这个数据集包括近100次捕食事件。麦金尼斯在《公共科学图书馆·综合》期刊上发表了他们的研究结果,发现外海岸过境型虎鲸的行为模式与内海岸型不同。后者伏击斑海豹、海狮,偶尔也捕食水獭,而前者倾向于协同作战,捕猎更大的哺乳动物。
点击此处查看翻译
1.transient
英/ ˈtrænziənt /美/ ˈtrænʃən /
adj.转瞬即逝的,短暂的;暂住的,(工作)临时的
n.暂住者,流动人口;(电流、电压、频率的)瞬变
2.vessel
英/ ˈves(ə)l /美/ ˈves(ə)l /
n.船,舰;(人或动物的)血管,(植物的)导管;(盛液体用的)容器,器皿;(有某种特质或用途的)人
3.predation
英/ prɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n /美/ prɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n /
n.捕食;掠夺
4.ambush
英/ ˈæmbʊʃ /美/ ˈæmbʊʃ /
n.伏击,埋伏
v.伏击,埋伏突袭;突然向(某人)提出尴尬的问题
5.otter
英/ ˈɒtə(r) /美/ ˈɑːtər /
n.水獭;水獭皮;浮钩具
点击此处查看词汇词组
本文节选自:The Economist(经济学人)
发布时间:2024.05
作者:Biology
原文标题:Killer whales deploy brutal, co-ordinated attacks when hunting
写作句总结
原句:Distinct killer whale populations are known as “ecotypes” and can differ in size, colour and body proportion.
结构:X [plural noun] are known as Y and can differ in Z, including [specific characteristics].
X【复数名词】被称为Y,可以在Z方面有所不同,包括【具体特征】。
例句:Different student groups are known as "cohorts" and can differ in academic performance, extracurricular activities, and leadership skills.
阅读理解题
The term "ecotypes," as used in the passage, refers to:
A) Different species of killer whales found in the Pacific Ocean.
B) Unique hunting behaviors exhibited by killer whales in the Monterey Submarine Canyon.
C) Various populations of killer whales with distinct cultural and ecological characteristics.
D) Different types of prey targeted by killer whales in the Pacific Ocean.
C。定位文章第三段,ecotype指的是不同体形、颜色和身型比例等生物特征以及具有不同捕猎文化的种群。
点击此处查看答案
打卡作业
翻译文章中的划线句,文末留言打卡,下期推送会在文章开头处公布参考翻译答案,大家一起来学习英语吧~
免责声明:本文来自网络公开资料,仅供学习交流,其观点和倾向不代表本公众号立场。
购买时输入优惠券码:bzwt,立减优惠
• END •
排版/外刊君
图片/来源网络
中国高翻小组
特别声明:以上内容(如有图片或视频亦包括在内)为自媒体平台“网易号”用户上传并发布,本平台仅提供信息存储服务。
Notice: The content above (including the pictures and videos if any) is uploaded and posted by a user of NetEase Hao, which is a social media platform and only provides information storage services.