22考研外刊阅读《自然》双语精读版训练--学术界性别差异突显！女性作者医学期刊被引用次数少于男性

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Such statistics and a growing realization that global hunger cannot be ended sustainably with a mind-set of “more”hasmany experts like Ms. Goodwin hopeful about the food systems summit, slated to run alongside the annual U.N. General Assembly meeting in New York.

人们对全球饥饿问题不能一直以“更多”的心态来解决的认识日益加强，再加上这些统计数据，让许多像古德温女士一样的专家对定于纽约举办的联合国年度大会期间囊括的粮食系统峰会充满希望。

统计数据和日益增强的意识使得专家对...充满希望

1.if something is slated to happen, it is planned to happen in the future, especially at a particular time

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虽然近年来进入学术医学领域的女性势头不减，但她们成为专家和领导者的可能性较小，这些女性研究者有更少的机会接受奖项、被晋升为教授职位、担任领导角色。此外，女性在具有高影响力的医学期刊上发表的文章的引用次数也比男性少。

双语阅读

Previous work has found that male-authored articles in some other disciplines receive morecitationsthan do articles authored by women. Paula Chatterjee, a physician-researcher who studies medical and hospital care at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, and is co-author of the latest study, says that some people have proposed that the gap exists because male authors produce higher-quality and more impactful work than do female authors. But she doubted that. She had heard anecdotally that her female colleagues’ work received fewer citations than did her male colleagues’ work, even when published in high-impact journals.

以前的研究发现，在其他一些学科中，男性撰写的文章比女性撰写的文章引用量更多。保拉·查特吉是费城宾夕法尼亚大学研究医疗和医护的内科医生兼研究员，也是这篇最新研究的合著者。她说，一些人提出，存在这种差距是因为男性作者的论文比女性作者的质量更高、更有影响力。但她对此表示怀疑。她曾听到小道消息，即使都发表在很有影响力期刊上，她的女同事的论文被引用次数也比男同事的少。

When Chatterjee and Werner analysed the number of citations that each article had received, they found that papers with women as primary authors had one-third fewer median citations than did those with men as primary authors, and that papers with women as senior authors received about one-quarter fewer citations than did those with men as senior authors. And papers whose primary and senior authors were both female received just half as many citations as did papers whose primary and senior authors were both male.

查特吉和维尔纳分析了每篇文章的引文数量，发现女性为第一作者的论文的引文中位数比男性为第一作者的论文少三分之一，女性为高级作者的论文比男性的论文引用次数少四分之一。第一和高级作者都是女性的论文被引用的次数仅为同条件男性作者的一半。

The findings have significant implications for female researchers’ career progression. Citations are considered a key measure of a paper’s importance, and — although the system is flawed — university and funding administrators oftentake them into accountwhen deciding whether to give a researchertenureor grants, and whether to hire or promote them.

这些发现对女性研究者的职业发展具有重大意义。被引次数是衡量论文重要性的关键指标，尽管这个评价体系存在缺陷，但大学和（研究）基金管理人员在决定是否给予研究人员终身职位或奖助金、是否聘用或提拔他们时，往往会把被引次数考虑在内。

Chatterjee doubts that the bias is intentional. She suspects that the most likely cause of thedisparityis the relativevisibilityof men and women in the medical field. Male researchers are more likely than are their female counterparts to be invited to speak at scientific and medical conferences, and to have their work promoted on social media. As a result, authors might be more likely to remember their work when looking for papers to cite. Furthermore, female researchers generally have smaller professional social networks than men do, meaning that their work might be less likely tocome to mind.

查特吉怀疑这种偏向性是主观故意的。她怀疑造成这种差异的最可能原因是男性和女性在医学领域的相对显性。与女性相比，男性研究者更有可能受邀在科学和医学会议上发言，他们的论文在社交媒体上被推广的可能性也越大。因此，作者在寻找引文时更有可能记住他们的论文。此外，女性研究者的职业社交网通常比男性更小，意味着她们的论文被想起来的可能性更小。

Julie Silver, a medical researcher at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, isn’t surprised by the results. She suspects a number of factors are at play. Male researchers, for instance, are more likely to cite their own papers than women. And a 2019 paper found that male authors are more likely than female authors to describe their findings with words such as ‘novel’ and ‘promising’, which could make those papersstand outto other researchers looking for references.

马萨诸塞州波士顿哈佛医学院的医学研究员朱莉·西尔弗对这个结果并不感到惊讶。她怀疑有很多因素在起作用。例如，男性研究者比女性更有可能引用自己的论文。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

本文节选自：Nature（自然）

发布时间：2021.07.29

作者：Sara Reardon

原文标题：Fewer citations for female authors of medical research

词汇积累

1.citation

• 英/saɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n/美/saɪ'teʃən/

• n. 引用，引证；传票；褒扬
  

  2.tenure

• 英/'tenjə/美/'tɛnjɚ/

• n. 占有；任期
  

  vt. 授予…终身职位

  3.disparity

• 英/dɪ'spærɪtɪ/美/dɪ'spærəti/

• n. 不同,不等;不一致;悬殊

  4.visibility

• 英/vɪzɪ'bɪlɪtɪ/美/'vɪzə'bɪləti/

• n. 能见度,视程；可见物;清晰度

词组搭配

1.take into account 重视；考虑；体谅

2.come to mind 浮现脑海（突然想起并引发思）

3.stand out 突出; 显眼, 引人注目；超群, 杰出；向前跨步；坚持

写作句总结

Previous work has found that male-authored articles in some other disciplines receive more citations than do articles authored by women.

结构:Previous work has found that ...

先前的研究表明...

例句:Previous work has found that SARS-CoV is transmitted from civet cats to humans, while MERS-CoV is transmitted from dromedaries to humans.

先前的研究表明SARS-CoV是从果子狸传播给人类的，而MERS-CoV是从单峰骆驼传播给人类的。

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