专访欧洲最大码头运营商总裁：不排斥与中国船公司开展股权合作 ｜ 港口圈

中国港口与欧洲港口有哪些不同？航运联盟的变化重组会对欧洲港口的运营产生哪些影响？hello大家好，我是甲鱼，今天我要去采访 EUROGATE 集团的 CEO Michael Blach。EUROGATE 是一家老牌的欧洲码头运营商，旗下有德国汉堡（港）、不莱梅哈芬（港）、威廉港三大核心枢纽，在全球一共运营着 12 座集装箱码头。那话不多说，让我们带着这些问题，一起去看看 Michael 是怎么回答的吧。

Q1：您如何看待欧洲港口在全球航运联盟重组中的话语权变化？EUROGATE是否会考虑进一步加强与航运公司的资源绑定，例如在资本或运营层面展开更深层次合作？

So what we have seen over the past years is that the alliances of the big shipping lines, they change from time to time. For example, in 2017 and 2018, there was a major reshuffle of alliances which led to us, for example, losing 25% of our business at our terminal in Hamburg, whereas we were gaining at other terminals because we have very good connections with basically all carriers. We managed to replace the 25% of business that we lost in Hamburg and we gained on top of that 22%. So I guess what you have to do is you have to stay on your toes and you have to be very well connected to basically all the carriers and as the alliances change you have to be sure that you're very light on your feet to be able to really move with these changes and also use these changes to your advantage.

我们在过去几年看到的是，大型航运公司的联盟总是在变化。例如在 2017 年和 2018 年，联盟发生了重大改组，这导致了我们汉堡的码头丢了 25% 的生意。不过我们在其他码头有所增长，因为我们与基本上所有的船公司都保持着良好的联系。我们成功弥补了在汉堡损失的 25% 业务，并且在此基础上还额外增长了 22%。所以我猜你要做什么（面对联盟重组），你必须保持警觉，与尽可能多的船公司保持良好的接触。随着联盟的变化，你必须保持敏锐，随变化而动，并利用这些变化。

To your second question in terms of capital participation at our terminals, the EUROGATE group consists today of 12 terminals. Most of those terminals we are actually operating and managing with partners from the carriers, so we are neutral as a group, but on the individual terminal level, we are operating with many carriers also on a shareholder basis.

你的第二个问题，关于我们码头资本参与方面，欧门集团今天由 12 个港口枢纽组成。这些港口中的大多数，我们实际上都是与船公司伙伴一起运营管理的。所以集团层面来说我们是中立的，但在单个码头层面，我们与许多船公司合作，在股权层面也有合作。

Q2：EUROGATE2026年的计划吞吐量是多少？主要增长驱动来自哪些航线？

We are planning to grow double digit as well in 2026, and for the first quarter, we are also already in double digit growth, and we have just recently opened a new terminal in Damietta in Egypt, and obviously for this new terminal, we are planning very significant growth as well.

我们 2026 年也计划实现增长两位数，这在第一季度我们已经实现了。我们最近刚在埃及的达米埃塔开设了一个新码头，我们也计划在那里实现显著增长。

Q3：多式联运一直是EUROGATE的重要业务方向之一，能否介绍一下目前在汉堡、不来梅哈芬等核心港口海铁联运的大致占比情况？EUROGATE在模式、效率或服务方面有哪些优势？

Germany is blessed with a very, very advanced rail network, and as a matter of fact in Hamburg where we typically have about 50% of the cargo coming in being moved by rail or 50% plus. At the ports at the coast, for example Bremerhaven and Wilhelmshaven, and for the local business that we do have, it is also typical that about 50% of the local business will go by rail. We have capital participation on numerous of our terminals, not all of them, but numerous of them.

德国很幸运拥有（先进的铁路网），事实上在汉堡，通常约有 50% 的进港货物是通过铁路转运的，或者百分之五十以上。至于沿海港口，例如不莱梅港和威廉港。对于我们现有的当地业务，通常约 50% 也会通过铁路运输。我们很多码头都有其他资本参与，虽然不是全部，但可以说大部分。

Q4：目前，EUROGATE已经与MSC、Maersk等国际运营商开展了合资码头合作。未来会考虑引入中国港口运营商吗？在您看来，这类合作的机遇与挑战分别在哪里？

To have a cooperation with a Chinese-based carrier in the future could very potentially be something that could work out if that were to be of interest to COSCO or to OOCL and it would work for one of the terminals that we have in our portfolio today or maybe one of the new terminals that we might get in the future.

未来与中国的船公司开展合作极有可能实现，如果中远海运或者东方海外对此感兴趣，并且符合我们现有或未来的码头组合。

Q5：您认为EUROGATE和中国港口有哪些不同的地方？

I think there are a number of differences but there also a number of similarities. The Chinese terminals are typically much larger because China is very big and the container volumes are very big, so of course there's a size difference. Then there may be another difference as well that many of the Chinese terminals have been developed within the past couple of decades so they are relatively new terminals designed in a modern way for the biggest container ships. In EUROGATE, some of those terminals are very old traditional terminals that have been maybe in the port since the beginning of containerization 60 years ago, and in that case, you have to go through if you will a brownfield modernization of those terminals to make sure that they also go up to the standards of today and meet the requirements of tomorrow.

我认为有许多不同之处，但也有很多相似之处。中国码头通常规模大得多，因为中国非常庞大，集装箱吞吐量也非常大。所以当然，有规模差异。那么可能还有另一个区别，许多中国码头都是在近二十年内兴建的，所以它们是相对较新的码头，采用了现代化的设计理念，能够容纳最大的集装箱船。在欧门集团，其中一些码头非常旧，可能是在 60 年前集装箱化开始时的老码头。在这种情况下，你必须通过一些现代化改造，以确保它们达到现在的标准，并满足未来的要求。