机关事业单位退休后的身份类别及英文表达

公务员（Civil servants），全称为国家公务员，是各国负责统筹管理经济社会秩序和国家公共资源，维护国家法律规定，贯彻执行相关义务的公职人员。在中国，公务员是指依法履行公职、纳入国家行政编制、由国家财政负担工资福利的工作人员。

管理人员（management staff），是指以增进社会福利，满足社会文化、教育、科学、卫生等方面需要，提供各种社会服务为直接目的的人员。

专业技术人员（professional and technical staff），指依照国家人才法律法规，经过国家人事部门全国统考合格，并经国家主管部委注册备案，颁发注册执业证书，在企业或事业单位从事专业技术工作的技术人员及具有前述执业证书并从事专业技术管理工作

工勤技能人员（Ground Skilled Staff），是指机关、事业单位工人身份的人员，通过劳动和人事部门组织考试，并获得技能等级证书的人员统称工勤技能人员。

参考双语例句：

Other donors such as Switzerland and the European Union praised the government for its success in reducing poverty in the country and promised to increase assistance from the current level, while emerging donors, such as Singapore, Thailand and Korea, committed to enhance their assistance in the area of capacity-building by providing training to Lao nationals, in particular government officials and civil servants.

诸如瑞士和欧盟的其他捐助者则称赞了老挝政 府在减少贫穷方面所取得的成功，承诺将在目前的水平基础上增加援助。而新的捐助 者，如新加坡、泰国和韩国，则承诺将增加在能力建设领域的援助，办法是通过为老 挝国民，特别是政府官员和公务员 提供 培训。

The Chief Officer said that the objective of such a meeting, which usually took place annually, was to give all UNEP’s administrative and finance management staff an update on the latest developments in administrative matters, and attendance was necessary to ensure appropriate and effective liaison with UNEP in Nairobi.

主任说，此种会议每年都举行，其目的是向环境规划署的所有行 政 和 财 政 管理 工作人员通报关 于行政事项的最新发展情况，有必要出席这一会议以确保同在内罗毕的环 境规划署进行适当和有效的联络。

Some of the key lessons learned, which have been incorporated into the planning of the strategic heritage plan project, are: (a) the need to obtain agreement from Member States, senior officials and other constituents on the goals and scope of the project early in the process; (b) the need for specialized technical staff with experience in large-scale renovation and construction projects to manage and oversee the architecture and engineering firm, as well as the building contractor; and (c) the need to identify and establish estimates of all costs, including indirect costs, at the start of the project, so as to avoid issues arising from associated costs, as was the case with the capital master plan project (see A/62/799).

一些已被纳入战略遗产计划项目规划过程的主要经验教训如下：(a)需要在这一过程初期获得会员国、高级官员和其他参与方对该项目的目标和范围 的同意；(b) 需要在大型翻新和建筑项目方面有经验 的 专业技术人员 来 管 理和监 督建筑和工程公司以及建筑承包商；(c) 需要在该项目启动时确定和算出所有费 用的估计数，包括间接费用，以避免连带费用所产生的问题，如基本建设总计划项目中出现的情况(见 A/62/799)。

来源：译问