王维名作第三辑《送别集》——情真意切的离愁别绪

王维送别诗在唐诗与中国诗史上的地位

把“送别”从应酬写成“山水心境”

唐人送别诗极多（仅《全唐诗》送别类逾千首），但多数停留在“路远、酒别、勿忘我”三层。王维的突破在于：

• 以景截情：不直说愁，用“客舍青青柳色新”“白云无尽时”“孤城当落晖”把离愁折进山水，开创“淡语深情”一派。
• 禅意入别：《送别》（下马饮君酒）末句“白云无尽时”，把仕途失意、归隐之劝化作时空无尽的从容，是陶潜之后少有的“以禅理遣别情”。
• 南北风物并用：你集子里《送梓州李使君》写巴蜀“山中一夜雨，树杪百重泉”、《送杨少府贬郴州》写湘赣瘴浪、《送邢桂州》写京口洞庭——他把送别变成“地理行旅诗”，后世杜牧、苏轼题跋、明清送行画皆沿此路。

本辑甄选了王维送别名篇14首。王维的送别诗感情真挚，意境悠远，既有“西出阳关无故人”的深沉，也有“白云无尽时”的旷达。信达雅英译，兼顾功能对等、归化、异化、“三美论”，以诗译诗，助力其文化出海。

1. 《送元二使安西》

渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。

劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人。

勘校：

客舍青青柳色新：一作客舍依依杨柳春

Farewellto Yuan the Second on His Mission to Anxi

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Morningrain at Weicheng lays the light dust low;

Green,green the tavern willows in new spring glow.

Onemore cup, friend —drain it before you go;

Westof Yangguan Pass, no old friend you will know.

2. 《送别》

山中相送罢，日暮掩柴扉。

春草明年（一作“年年”）绿，王孙归不归？

Farewellin the Hills

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

In thehills I saw my friend depart;

Atdusk I latch my wicket door.

Whenspring grass turns green, will my heart

See mydear recluse come once more?

3. 《送别》

下马饮君酒，问君何所之？

君言不得意，归卧南山陲。

但去莫复问，白云无尽时。

AToast at Parting

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Idismount, pour wine and bid you stay;

Wheredoes your wandering pathway stray?

Yousay your hopes have all run low,

ToSouth Peak’s foot your rest to know.

Goforth, no more my questions bide;

Whiteclouds stretch far, no end beside.

4. 《送梓州李使君》

万壑树参天，千山响杜鹃。

山中一夜雨，树杪百重泉。

汉女输橦布，巴人讼芋田。

文翁翻教授，不敢倚先贤。

勘校：

1）倚，一作“依”；

2） 一夜，一作“一半”。

ToPrefect Li Bound for Zizhou

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Athousand gorges rear their trees to sky;

Athousand hills with cuckoo cries reply.

Onenight of rain within the mountain fold —

Ahundred springs from treetops drip in gold.

Shugirls weave ramie for the tribute load;

Bafarmers wrangle over taro ground.

YetWenweng taught — we dare not rest on old,

Butmake new virtue where old sages frowned.

5. 《送张五归山》

送君尽惆怅，复送何人归。

几日同携手，一朝先拂衣。

东山有茅屋，幸为扫荆扉。

当亦谢官去，岂令心事违。

BiddingZhang Wu Return to Hills

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

To seeyou go — what grief I hold!

Whomelse shall I escort, grown old?

Wewalked hand in hand for days,

Nowyou cast off your robes of praise.

EastHill — a thatched hut waits for you;

Sweepwide its briar gate, I pray.

I tooshall quit my post one day —

Whyshould true will be never true?

6. 《送杨少府贬郴州》

明到衡山与洞庭，若为秋月听猿声。

愁看北渚三湘远，恶说南风五两轻。

青草瘴时过夏口，白头浪里出湓城。

长沙不久留才子，贾谊何须吊屈平。

ToMagistrate Yang Exiled to Chenzhou

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Bydawn you’ll see Mount Heng and Dongting’s tide —

Howbear the gibbon’s moan when moons are bright?

Idread the southern breeze that blows too light;

Igrieve the distant isles where waters glide.

Throughsummer miasma you’ll cross Xiakou’s strait;

Throughwhite-capped waves you’ll leave Pengcheng’s gate.

ButChangsha keeps no talent long in chains —

Whyshould you mourn as Jia Yi mourned his pains?

7. 《临高台送黎拾遗》

相送临高台，川原杳何极。

日暮飞鸟还，行人去不息。

OnHigh Terrace, Bidding Censor Li Farewell

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Fromthe high terrace I watch you go —

Theplains stretch dim, no end in show.

Atdusk birds hurry home to rest;

Butthe traveler leaves, never to arrest.

8. 《送灵澈上人》

苍苍竹林寺，杳杳钟声晚。

荷笠带斜阳，青山独归远。

SeeingMonk Lingche Off

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Dimthrough the bamboo grove the temple shows;

Far,far the evening bell-tone flows.

Hisstraw-hat carries the slant sun’s last gleam;

Alonehe fades into the green hill’s dream.

9. 《送从弟蕃游淮南》

读书复骑射，带剑游淮阴。

淮阴少年辈，千里远相寻。

高义难自隐，明时宁陆沈。

岛夷九州外，泉馆三山深。

席帆聊问罪，卉服尽成擒。

归来见天子，拜爵赐黄金。

忽思鲈鱼鲙，复有沧洲心。

天寒蒹葭渚，日露云梦林。

江城下枫叶，淮上闻秋砧。

送归青门外，车马去骎骎。

惆怅新丰树，空余天际禽。

ToMy Cousin Fan, Bound for Huainan

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Hepores o’er texts, yet masters bow and spear;

Withsword at side, to Huaiyin he steers.

Theyouthful gallants of Huaiyin’s shore,

Willtravel thousand li his steps to explore.

Hisnoble virtue cannot lie concealed;

Inbright reigns none in lowly depths shall yield.

Barbarianisles beyond our realm extend;

Fairysprings lie deep where three peaks bend.

Hehoists his sail to chastise rebel bands;

Allclad in grass robes fall beneath his hands.

Whenhome he comes to greet the sovereign’s throne,

Rankand bright gold shall be his rightful loan.

Thensudden yearning for perch slices rise,

Alonging for green marshlands fills his eyes.

Whencold winds sweep the reed-fringed river shore,

Dawnlight lays bare Yunmeng’s wooded floor.

Mapleleaves drift down the river town’s height;

Autumnmallets ring through Huai’s soft twilight.

I sendhim forth outside Green Gate’s frame;

Hishorse and cart rush fast, away they claim.

Igrieve beneath Xinfeng’s leaf-laden tree;

Onlywild birds drift far where heavens are free.

10. 《送沈子福归江东》

杨柳渡头行客稀，罟师荡桨向临圻。

唯有相思似春色，江南江北送君归。

BiddingMaster Shen Zifu Back to Jiangdong

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

By thewillow ferry few wayfarers stay;

Theboatman pulls his oars toward Linqi’s bay.

Mylonging, like spring’s color, spreads so wide —

Southand north of the River, it attends your tide.

11. 《送綦毋潜落第还乡》（一作送别）

圣代无隐者，英灵尽来归。遂令东山客，不得顾采薇。

既至金门远，孰云吾道非。江淮度寒食，京洛缝春衣。

置酒长安道，同心与我违。行当浮桂棹，未几拂荆扉。

远树带行客，孤城当落晖。吾谋适不用，勿谓知音稀。

勘校：

1）“孰云吾道非”：金门一作君门；

2) “置酒长安道”：长安道一作临长道；

3) “孤城当落晖”：孤城一作孤村；

ToQiwu Qian, Returning Home After Failing the Exam

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Thisblessed age lets no wise hermit hide;

Allgifted souls to court’s bright gates abide.

Thusyou, East Hill’s recluse, may not go gather fern,

Thoughfar the golden gate, your path you need not spurn.

You’llcross Huai and Yangtze through Cold Food’s mild air;

Sewspringtime robes within Chang’an’s town square.

I pourwine by the capital’s dusty way;

Aheart once knit now wanders far away.

Soonyou’ll float on cassia boat’s soft sweep,

Erelong you’ll brush your wicket gate in sleep.

Talldistant trees enfold your lonely form;

Onelone town meets the sunset’s glowing charm.

Ourschemes were spurned, yet grieve not deep within;

Thinknot no kindred soul shall know your tune.

12. 《送丘为落第归江东》

怜君不得意，况复柳条春。

为客黄金尽，还家白发新。

五湖三亩宅，万里一归人。

知祢不能荐，羞为献纳臣。

ToQiu Wei, Bound for Jiangdong After Exam Failure

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

I pityyou whose hopes are low,

Andwillow-tendrils sting with spring.

Yourgold is spent, your hair turns snow —

A loneman homeward wandering.

Threeacres by the Five Lakes stand;

Tenthousand li — one traveler’s track.

I knowyour worth — but powerless hand —

Ascourt advisor, shame draws back.

13. 《送邢桂州》

铙吹喧京口，风波下洞庭。

赭圻将赤岸，击汰复扬舲。

日落江湖白，潮来天地青。

明珠归合浦，应逐使臣星。

BiddingXing Farewell to Guizhou

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

Drumsand horns clamor by Jingkou’s shore;

Throughwind and wave you sail to Dongting’s floor.

PastOchre Mound and Red Bank’s sandy side,

Youstrike the foam and let your galleon glide.

Sunsetturns river-lake to milky white;

Tide-risedyes heaven-earth in azure light.

Thepearl returns to Hepu’s ancient strand —

Youride the star of envoy, sea and land.

14. 《送赵都督赴代州得青字》

天官动将星，汉上柳条青。

万里鸣刁斗，三军出井陉。

忘身辞凤阙，报国取龙庭。

岂学书生辈，窗间老一经。

勘校：

汉上柳条青，上，一作“地”。

ToCommander Zhao Marching to Dai Prefecture

ByWang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translatedby Wang Yongli

TheGeneral’s Star stirs in heaven’shall;

By Han’s green river willows fall.

Formiles the watch-drum’s warning cries;

Threearmies march through Jingxing’s rise.

Youleave the Phoenix Tower, fearless, bold,

Toseize the Dragon Court — a warrior’s hold.

Why belike scholars, pale and tame,

Whoage by windows o’er one ancient name?

译者力求在韵律、达意和诗境上整体优良，符合“以诗译诗”的追求。

王维送别诗融山水、侠气与禅心，一景藏离愁，一语含旷达。配套英译恪守信达雅，以英文格律复刻盛唐诗意，借双语之桥传递东方含蓄深情，让这份跨越千年的离别意境，成为中外共情的文化瑰宝。（翻译王永利）