尼格买提晒照片提醒：别染发！

4月15日，主持人尼格买提晒出自己眼部肿胀的照片并配文：别染发。

随后，尼格买提在评论区补充：去年的照片，当时染发剂过敏了。

On Wednesday, Chinese TV host Negmat Rehman posted a photo on social media showing his severely swollen eyelids, with the simple caption: "Don't dye your hair." He later clarified in the comments that the photo was from last year, when he had an allergic reaction to hair dye.

此前，演员孙怡也因染发导致脸肿：“染发我不考虑了，我实在是不敢染了，我上次染完之后我整个脸都肿起来了，去医院挂了两天水，然后我的脸都肿得见不了人，所以我再也不染了，因为我对这个染发膏过敏，我每次染头都要吃过敏药，我那次可能是染的次数太多了，然后我吃过敏药也不管用。”

Negmat is not alone. Chinese actress Sun Yi has also experienced severe facial swelling after dyeing her hair, requiring two days of hospital IV treatment. She admitted that she is allergic to hair dye and used to take medication before each session, but frequent dyeing eventually rendered the pills ineffective.

为何尼格买提等人染发会引发上述症状？

美发过程中使用的化学药剂，像一场“化学风暴”，会对头皮和头发造成严重伤害。

染发剂中常用的对苯二胺（p-Phenylenediamine），又名乌尔丝D，是一种有机化合物，也是一种有广泛应用的中间体。对苯二胺与氧反应会产生新的颜色。对苯二胺与3%浓度的双氧水反应会呈现黑色；与5%浓度的三氯化铁反应可呈现棕色。同时，对苯二胺对毛发中的角蛋白有极强的亲和力，使得其在氧化过程中可以更好地固定颜色，使得染发的效果更加持久。

The chemicals used in hair dye can trigger intense allergic responses. One of the most common culprits is p-Phenylenediamine (PPD). This organic compound reacts with oxygen to produce new colors: with 3 percent hydrogen peroxide it turns black; with 5 percent ferric chloride it turns brown. PPD also has a strong affinity for keratin in hair, helping lock in color for longer-lasting results.

染发剂中通常含有对苯二胺（PPD）、氨水等强致敏原，非常容易引起头皮过敏反应，出现头皮瘙痒、红肿、皮疹等症状，重者可在红斑基础上出现水疱、渗出、眼周水肿、瘙痒剧烈等，严重时还会导致面部肿胀、呼吸困难等全身过敏反应。氨水则具有刺激性气味，会损伤头皮的毛囊，导致头发变得干枯、毛糙、易断裂。

However, PPD, along with ammonia and other strong allergens commonly found in hair dyes, can easily cause scalp irritation, itching, redness, rashes, and in severe cases, blisters, oozing, swelling around the eyes, intense itching, and even facial swelling or breathing difficulties. Ammonia's pungent fumes can damage hair follicles, leaving hair dry, rough, and prone to breakage.

在烫染发之前，

建议大家参考以下操作指南

染发前做过敏测试‌：在染发前取少量染发剂涂抹在耳后或手臂内侧，观察是否有过敏反应。如果出现红肿、瘙痒等不适症状，应立即停止使用该染发剂。

Do a patch test: Apply a small amount of dye behind your ear or on your inner arm. If redness, itching, or swelling occurs, stop using the product immediately.

选择正规产品‌：购买染发剂和烫发剂时，要选择正规品牌、有质量保证的产品。避免使用三无产品和劣质产品，这些产品可能含有超标的有害物质，对身体健康造成更大危害。

Choose reputable products: Buy from trusted brands with quality assurance. Avoid unbranded or cheap products that may contain excessive harmful substances.

控制美发频率‌：不要过于频繁地染发和烫发，给头发和头皮足够的休息时间。一般来说，染发间隔时间不少于3个月，烫发间隔时间不少于半年。

Limit frequency: Give your scalp and hair time to recover. Wait at least three months between dyeing sessions, and at least six months between perms.

注意美发环境‌：选择通风良好的美发店进行美发，减少吸入化学药剂的蒸气，降低接触有害物质的风险。

Ensure good ventilation: Have your hair done in a well-ventilated salon to reduce inhalation of chemical fumes.

哪些人群不适合染发？

• 头皮和皮肤敏感的人群

由于染发剂中的对苯二胺是一种强致敏性物质，可能会引起皮肤瘙痒、过敏甚至皮炎和水疱等不良反应。

People with sensitive skin or scalp conditions: PPD is a strong sensitizer and can cause itching, allergies, dermatitis, or blisters.

• 皮肤受损人群

皮肤受损时，如患湿疹、溃疡以及破皮的人群不要去染发，染发剂中的化学物质会从伤口进入皮肤内部，容易引起对皮肤的刺激。

Those with skin injuries: Open wounds, eczema, or ulcers allow chemicals to enter the body more easily and trigger reactions.

• 孕妇和哺乳期的妇女

孕妇和哺乳期的妇女不建议染发，一是妊娠期女性敏感度增加，染发过敏几率提高；二是哺乳期间，染发剂中的化学物质进入体内后，通过母乳可能会导致有害物质在胎儿和孩子体内的蓄积，进而影响健康。

Pregnant or breastfeeding women: Hormonal changes may increase sensitivity, and chemicals absorbed into the body can be passed to the baby through breast milk.

• 老人和肝肾不好的人群

这类人群自身解毒能力较弱，进入体内的化学物质不易代谢，诱发疾病的风险也会增加。

Older adults and those with liver or kidney issues: Their reduced ability to metabolize toxins increases the risk of adverse effects.

来源：新京报 橙柿互动·都市快报 科普中国 极目新闻

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