综述：金属有机框架作为用于生物医学的功能性材料

金属有机框架（ MOFs ） 具备高比表面积、结构可调及良好生物相容性等特性，可通过多种方法合成，在生物医学领域潜力巨大，能满足疾病诊断、药物输送等需求。不过，其临床应用存在生物环境中稳定性差、长期生物安全性不明、大规模生产难等挑战。

近日， 扬州大学庞欢教授和李育平副教授等人在Science China Materials发表综述 论文，总结了用于生物医学应用的MOFs的合成方法与特性，探讨了其在生物传感、靶向药物输送、组织工程支架等领域的新兴应用。

本文要点

1) 在生物传感和疾病诊断方面，MOF材料可作为荧光/电化学生物传感平台，实现对病理生物标志物的高灵敏特异检测，促进疾病早期诊断。

2) 在药物输送和疾病治疗方面， MOF 材料能封装化疗药物实现靶向输送和可控释放，优化药物输送效率，拓宽治疗方式。

3) 在组织工程方面，可开发基于 MOFs 的适配生物材料促进组织再生。

该综述为对抗疾病和推动生物医学进步提供了新策略与方向。

Figure 1.(a) Quantitative literature analysis using VOSviewer software. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science with the keywords “metal-organic framework” and “biomedical” between 2015 and 2024. (b) The number of publications reported by the MOFs in different fields. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science with the keywords “metal-organic framework” and the name of the specific field between 2015 and 2024.

Figure 2.Typical synthetic strategies for MOFs and MOF composites. (a) Solvothermal method; (b) laser-assisted method; (c) electrochemical method; (d) microwave-assisted method; (e) ultrasound-assisted method; (f) mechanochemical method.

Figure 3.Different fantastic properties of MOFs that make them appropriate for biomedical applications. (a) MOFs encapsulate drugs, genes, or proteins via porous structures, enabling controlled, targeted delivery to lesions. (b) As contrast agents/labels (injected via syringe), MOFs enhance CT/MRI/PET/OI imaging contrast for disease diagnosis, visualizing lesions. (c) Combined with flexible circuits/fluorescent probes, MOFs enable precise bio-signal recognition and detection, aiding biomolecule sensing and disease diagnosis. (d) For wound repair, MOFs load antibacterial/healing agents via porous structures, inhibiting infection, reducing inflammation, and promoting repair. (e) MOFs encapsulate enzymes/sensitive drugs, protecting them from degradation (enzymatic/environmental) to prolong efficacy.

Figure 4.Applications of bio-MOFs in the drug delivery system.

文章信息

Zefan Sang, Guangxun Zhang, Yuping Li, Huan Pang. Metal-organic frameworks as functional materials for biomedicine. Sci. China Mater. (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-025-3703-8

（来源：网络版权属原作者 谨致谢意）