东北部分燕子冻死未南飞引担忧，专家：不要自行干预

近日，黑龙江五常有市民反映，大量燕子滞留该地，聚集在居民屋檐、电线杆等热源处取暖，约百只燕子因低温冻僵甚至死亡。此次事件引发公众广泛关注。话题“东北网友拍下不少燕子滞留没南飞”一度登上微博热搜第一。

An unusual phenomenon of dozens of swallows, including some dead, stranded in a town in Northeast China's Heilongjiang province recently sparked public concern, with experts attributing the incident to sudden temperature drops and food shortages during migration.

不少燕子滞留黑龙江五常，部分死亡

五常市沙河子镇居民梁海洋表示，前几天发现自家门前出现不少燕子，他们投喂了小米、面包等食物，但燕子不喜欢吃，近两三天已看不到燕子的踪迹。

研究人员在湛江一处家燕巢穴中发现多只被冻僵的家燕 图源：科普中国

东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院教授许青表示，视频中的燕子多为金腰燕，正常应在9月中旬南迁，10月20日左右在五常出现的这批，大概率不是当地燕子，可能来自黑龙江以北，如俄罗斯远东地区。

Professor Xu Qing, from Northeast Forestry University, confirmed that these swallows were predominantly red-rumped swallows, a species that typically migrates south by mid-September. He explained that the group observed in Wuchang around Oct 20 was unlikely to be local, but rather individuals that may have originated from areas north of Heilongjiang province, such as Russia's far east.

图源：央视新闻

这些燕子为何会在迁徙途中滞留在五常市？许青介绍，10月15日前后，哈尔滨地区气温骤降，东北南部同期出现降雨。燕子会在进入雨区前停留，待气候适宜再起飞，这就造成这一部分燕子迁徙阻隔。

According to Xu, the unusual stopover was caused by a sudden temperature drop around Oct 15, combined with rainfall in southern parts of Northeast China. Swallows often pause their journey when encountering adverse weather, resuming migration only when conditions improve — a behavioral pattern that led to this temporary stranding.

气温骤降，缺少食物致部分燕子死亡

许青介绍，降温对多数鸟类直接生理影响小，鸟类不怕冻但怕饿，飞行需充足能量补充以维持体温。

10月中旬，哈尔滨及东北南部气温骤降，导致昆虫数量减少，燕子食物来源不足是造成死亡的主因。此外，部分死亡的燕子可能是出生不足3个月的雏鸟，飞行与捕食能力较弱，它们在迁徙过程中被淘汰属于自然界正常现象。

The sharp temperature drop in mid-October across Harbin and southern parts of Northeast China led to a significant decline in insect populations, leaving the swallows without sufficient food — the primary cause of death. Some of the deceased swallows were identified as juveniles under three months old, whose underdeveloped flying and foraging abilities made them more susceptible to natural selection during migration.

许青表示，燕子迁徙途中被淘汰并非近年才出现，剧烈温度波动会导致部分野生动物淘汰，但多数燕子仍能正常南迁，因此不会对来年燕子种群数量产生太大影响。

While extreme weather fluctuations can lead to mortality among some wildlife, the loss of swallows during migration is not a recent phenomenon. The majority of the swallow population continues to migrate south successfully, and the incident is not expected to significantly impact swallow numbers in the coming year.

野外遇到候鸟迁徙受阻，专家表示，不要自行干预，也尽可能不要用手直接接触野生动物。因为野生动物可能携带寄生虫或病毒，接触会带来相关风险，应及时告知当地林草局等相关部门。

The expert advised the public not to intervene directly or make physical contact with wild migratory birds if encountered in distress, as they may carry potential parasites or viruses. Sightings should be reported promptly to local forestry and grassland authorities.

编辑：李涵萌

实习生：李然

来源：央视新闻 科普中国 北京晚报

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