编者按:血液癌症是一类起源于造血系统或淋巴系统的恶性肿瘤,包括白血病、淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤等多个亚型,严重威胁全球公共健康。GLOBOCAN的统计数据显示,2022年全球血液系统恶性肿瘤新发病例超过120万例,死亡人数超过67万。过去十余年间,随着靶向疗法、免疫疗法和细胞疗法的不断涌现,血液癌症的治疗版图持续刷新,让越来越多患者在延长生命的同时获得更好的生活质量。疗法进步的背后,是科研人员的不懈探索与产业伙伴的高效协作。长期以来,药明康德始终凭借“一体化、端到端”的CRDMO平台,持续赋能合作伙伴在血液癌症新药研发中不断突破,加速创新成果落地,惠及全球患者。在这个血液癌症宣传月,本文将带您走进一款血液癌症创新疗法的开发故事,这是科学与产业合力的结晶,也是无数创新者为患者点亮希望的缩影。
为患者带来拯救生命的新药,是每一位研发人员的梦想。约翰·胡德(John Hood)博士曾与这一梦想仅一步之遥。多年之后,他终于笑到了最后。
故事要从十多年前说起。当时的约翰担任TargeGen公司的研究负责人。在他的带领下,公司发现了多款小分子激酶抑制剂,其中一款名为fedratinib的新药在临床试验中表现亮眼,显著改善了患者的生活。
John Hood博士,现为Endeavor Biomedicines的首席执行官
特蕾莎·布兰达(Theresa Blanda)女士便是受益者之一。她与白血病抗争多年,却在2008年的一次检查中被告知病情恶化,并出现了骨髓纤维化。那时,疤痕组织在她的骨髓中疯狂增生,严重影响了血细胞的生成。当时的最佳治疗方案是骨髓移植,但这需要找到合适的供体。在这方面,特蕾莎没有足够的运气。
主治医生卡崔奥娜·贾米森(Catriona Jamieson)博士建议她参加fedratinib的临床试验。卡崔奥娜介绍说,这款新药能抑制人体内突变的JAK2蛋白激酶,从而阻断肿瘤细胞的生长。她的实验室先前进行的不少研究,已经证实了这一治疗思路的可行性。
“我正处在白血病全面爆发的边缘。”特蕾莎回忆道。白血病将她的造血干细胞挤出了骨髓外,引起的髓外造血让她的膝盖肿胀不堪。
谁也没有想到,fedratinib带来了奇迹:在短短几个月,特蕾莎的病情出现了极大改善。“我的脾脏、肝脏、一切都恢复了正常,”她说:“我还重新开始了工作”。参加临床试验的5年里,特蕾莎的生命重新燃起了希望。她开始畅想未来,甚至萌生了与高中恋人再续前缘的念头。
然而,2013年的一次突发变故,让这一切戛然而止。
神秘的并发症
2010年,赛诺菲(Sanofi)看中了fedratinib的潜力,收购了TargeGen公司并将fedratinib推进至后期临床试验。特蕾莎参与的临床试验,正是其关键临床项目之一。新药研发人员很欣慰地看到,像特蕾莎这样的患者能够从白血病的魔爪下逃脱,重新回到正常的生活。乐观的分析师们也认为,这款新药离上市或许已经不远了。
然而,后期数据却揭示了潜在风险:部分接受fedratinib治疗的患者出现韦尼克脑病(Wernicke’s encephalopathy)。这是一种与维生素B1缺乏相关的罕见神经疾病,患者大脑内的多个部分会出现病变,带来共济失调、精神异常等症状。
▲Fedratinib的分子结构式(图片来源:PubChem)
考虑到这一疾病的风险,美国FDA在2013年暂停了该临床试验的进行。赛诺菲仅隔一个周末就很快做出了回应,并决定终止7项正在进行的临床试验。像特蕾莎这样原本病情已得到控制的患者,不得不重新寻找新的治疗方法。
许多人并没有找到解决方案。特蕾莎的病情很快出现复发和恶化。2016年,她离开了人世。卡崔奥娜医生说,许多在研药物都使用了类似的机制,但它们不如fedratinib有效。无数患者请求继续提供这款新药,好让他们的生命延续。
重新出发
患者的呼声传到了约翰耳中。作为fedratinib的共同发明人之一,约翰在赛诺菲收购TargeGen前就离开了这家公司。与几名朋友一道,他共同创立了一家名为Samumed的生物技术新锐并担任首席科学官,带领团队将多款候选新药推进至晚期临床。
然而,他一直没有忘记曾经为fedratinib倾注的心血,而从特蕾莎与卡崔奥娜那里听到的故事也让他难过。“在2013年终止开发fedratinib的决定让许多患者心碎。当时,他们在临床试验中取得了非常积极的缓解。对这些患者来说,能够使用的治疗方案非常有限。对于大部分患者来说,除了fedratinib之外,几乎没有其他有效的药物。”约翰说道。
思虑再三,约翰辞去了在Samumed的职位,选择重新出发。与卡崔奥娜一道,他们创立了一家名为Impact Biomedicines的新锐,目标是取回fedratinib的开发权,将它推进上市。
与赛诺菲的沟通非常顺利。Impact获得了fedratinib的全球开发与商业化权益,赛诺菲没有向Impact收取任何先期付款。为了继续开发fedratinib,Impact聘请了一批具有丰富经验的新药研发人员,其中包括了来自于TargeGen的研发骨干。
▲Fedratinib的研发里程碑(图片来源:参考资料[5])
约翰和他的团队同时也获得了fedratinib的更新临床数据,这包括了18项不同的研究,涉及877名患者。在一项名为JAKARTA-1的全球性3期关键临床试验中,fedratinib在24周的治疗后,显著减少了患者脾脏尺寸。在36%的受试者中,减少的幅度超过了35%(p<0.0001),达到了主要临床终点和次要临床终点。在随后进行的一项名为JAKARTA-2的临床试验里,研究人员进一步分析了对现有疗法产生耐受的患者,是否也能从fedratinib的治疗中受益。结果表明,fedratinib同样让55%的患者出现了脾脏尺寸缩小。
另一方面,卡崔奥娜也在分析为何患者会出现韦尼克脑病这样怪异的不良事件。研究人员发现,在接受治疗时,癌症患者常因病情压力导致营养不良,而这是韦尼克脑病出现的原因。之前,研究人员没有检查患者的营养情况,因此导致了一系列不良反应的产生。若在治疗中关注营养补充,即可大幅降低风险。
基于详尽的数据审查,FDA允许临床试验恢复。2018年1月,新基(Celgene)公司宣布以最高12.5亿美元的数额收购Impact,将fedratinib纳入其研发管线。最终,这款药物在2019年顺利通过FDA审评,成功上市。对于约翰来说,他终于成功实现了他的梦想——为患者带来了拯救生命的新药!
创新永不止步
约翰·胡德博士的故事,是药物研发人员将科学突破转化为创新疗法的缩影。过去20多年中,美国FDA已批准了至少86款血液肿瘤新疗法,涵盖小分子药物、抗体、多肽等多种药物类型。目前,全球血液肿瘤领域有超过1500款在研药物处于不同的临床开发阶段,其中小分子化学药物占比达三到四成;3期临床项目中,更有多款寡核苷酸和多肽偶联药物及靶向蛋白降解剂等创新治疗模式的身影,有望造福更多病患。
作为全球医药创新的赋能者,药明康德很高兴能助力合作伙伴,加速多款治疗血液肿瘤的创新疗法问世,造福病患。长期以来,药明康德都在支持全球合作伙伴从药物研究(R)、开发(D)到商业化生产(M)各个阶段的需求,通过独特的一体化、端到端CRDMO模式,助力更多药物加速从实验室来到患者身边。
以血液肿瘤的小分子药物为例,药明康德化学服务平台能支持各种化学药物的分子形式及类别,满足从药物发现到商业化生产各个阶段、各个规模的各种物料需求。药明康德生物学业务平台作为综合性的早期发现和转化生物学赋能平台,能为包括血液肿瘤在内的多个疾病领域的新药研发提供从早期发现到临床研究阶段的生物学解决方案。药明康德测试业务平台可为包括血液肿瘤在内多个疾病领域的药物提供全生命周期的一体化研发测试服务及全方位的临床研究服务,助力合作伙伴的药物成功申报IND、NDA以及通过核查上市。
在这个血液癌症宣传月,我们致敬像约翰·胡德博士这样以坚持和智慧改变患者命运的科学家,也向所有奋战在临床一线的医生与研究人员致以敬意。血液癌症防治之路依旧充满挑战,但正是这些不懈努力,让越来越多的患者看到希望的曙光。药明康德将继续依托其“一体化、端到端”的CRDMO平台,加速合作伙伴的更多创新疗法问世,让科学的力量惠及每一位患者。
Accelerating the Fight Against Myelofibrosis: WuXi AppTec’s End-to-End Support for Next-Generation Therapies
Myelofibrosis (MF), a rare and debilitating blood cancer, continues to impose severe burdens on patients worldwide. Although targeted therapies have advanced care in recent years, many patients still struggle with persistent symptoms, limited treatment durability, and few curative options. In this challenging landscape, WuXi AppTec partners with pharmaceutical and biotech companies around the globe to accelerate the discovery, development, and manufacturing of transformative therapies. With its fully integrated, end-to-end CRDMO (Contract Research, Development, and Manufacturing Organization) model, WuXi AppTec delivers seamless support across small molecules, immunotherapies, and emerging modalities—helping innovators move from early research through clinical and commercial development with speed and confidence.
Unraveling the Burden of Myelofibrosis
Myelofibrosis is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by progressive bone marrow fibrosis, impaired hematopoiesis, and a heavy symptom burden. Patients often experience fatigue, severe splenomegaly, weight loss, anemia, and night sweats, all of which significantly reduce quality of life. At the molecular level, mutations in genes such as
JAK2
CALR, and
MPLdrive abnormal blood cell production and fuel chronic inflammation, creating a vicious cycle that accelerates disease progression.
Despite therapeutic advances, myelofibrosis remains life-limiting. Approved JAK inhibitors—including ruxolitinib, fedratinib, pacritinib, and momelotinib—can shrink spleens and relieve symptoms, but they rarely alter the underlying disease biology. Over time, many patients develop resistance or intolerance, leaving them with few alternatives. Stem cell transplantation remains the only potentially curative option, yet it is often inaccessible due to age, comorbidities, and procedural risks.
This reality underscores the urgent need for more effective therapies. Patients and caregivers seek treatments that not only provide symptom relief but also deliver durable benefits by addressing the root causes of the disease and meaningfully extending survival.
Driving Innovation Through Science and Collaboration
As a trusted partner to innovators worldwide, WuXi AppTec plays a vital role in advancing the next generation of therapies for hematologic malignancies, including myelofibrosis, through its integrated CRDMO platform. By combining scientific expertise with integrated global infrastructure, WuXi AppTec enables faster, more efficient progress across the entire drug development lifecycle.
For small-molecule innovation, WuXi AppTec’s Chemistry Services Platform supports all categories of chemical compounds and production scales. This infrastructure helps partners meet material needs from lead optimization to clinical supply and beyond. Meanwhile, WuXi AppTec’s Biology Business Unit offers an integrated platform for early discovery and translational biology, empowering researchers to evaluate new targets and mechanisms in hematologic cancers with precision and speed.
WuXi AppTec’s Testing Division enhances these capabilities with comprehensive R&D testing and clinical research services. From preclinical safety assessments to IND/NDA-enabling studies, the team helps streamline regulatory submissions and approval processes. This integrated model not only accelerates timelines but also enhances efficiency—helping transform innovative ideas into life-saving therapies.
Shaping the Future of Myelofibrosis Treatment
The treatment landscape for myelofibrosis is entering a period of rapid innovation. Beyond JAK inhibition, new approaches such as BET inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, telomerase inhibitors, and antifibrotic agents are gaining momentum. Early clinical results suggest that combination strategies—pairing JAK inhibitors with epigenetic or antifibrotic therapies—may achieve deeper, more durable responses, offering the potential to alter the natural course of disease.
Globally, many novel therapies are advancing through clinical pipelines, with many showing encouraging improvements in symptom control, spleen volume reduction, and even reversal of bone marrow fibrosis. These developments reflect a growing shift from palliative management toward true disease modification—and ultimately, the pursuit of curative solutions.
WuXi AppTec is proud to stand alongside its global partners at the forefront of this dynamic landscape. By providing integrated, end-to-end CRDMO solutions, the company continues to empower the development of transformative therapies across a wide range of drug modalities. As we mark Blood Cancer Awareness Month this September, WuXi AppTec reaffirms its commitment to advancing innovative solutions that bring hope to patients with hematologic malignancies—working toward a future where these diseases are no longer life-limiting, but manageable, and ultimately curable.
参考资料:
[1] Abandoned blood cancer drug resurrected by San Diego startup. Retrieved August 16, 2019, from https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/biotech/sd-me-impact-fedratinib-20171013-story.html
[2] Four years after it imploded at Sanofi, John Hood is resurrecting the myelofibrosis drug fedratinib. Retrieved August 16, 2019, from https://endpts.com/four-years-after-it-imploded-at-sanofi-john-hood-is-resurrecting-the-myelofibrosis-drug-fedratinib/
[3] Impact bags $22M to save ex-Sanofi drug from trial limbo. Retrieved August 16, 2019, from https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/impact-bags-22m-to-save-ex-sanofi-drug-from-trial-limbo
[4] Bray et al., (2024). Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834
[5] Mullally et al., (2000). Fedratinib in myelofibrosis. Blood Adv, https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000954
[6] Sun et al., (2025). Global landscape and trends in lifetime risks of haematologic malignancies in 185 countries: population-based estimates from GLOBOCAN 2022. eClinicalMedicine, DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103193
[7] Loscocco and Guglielmelli. (2025). Targeted Therapies in Myelofibrosis: Present Landscape, Ongoing Studies, and Future Perspectives. Am J Hematol., doi: 10.1002/ajh.27658
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