“Surrender”的其他含义

“Surrender”在保险领域具有专有含义，其中Cambridge Dictionary对此的解释为“to end an insurance policy early, before its original end date”，也就是被保险人在保单终止日期前将保单交给保险人并注销保单，中文可以译为“退保”。“Surrender”既可以作动词也可以作名词，相关例句如下所示：

例句1：

原文：

An industrial life insurance policy shall have the name of the beneficiary designated thereon or in the application or other form if attached to the policy, with a reservation of the right to designate or change the beneficiary after the issuance of the policy, unless such beneficiary be irrevocably designated. The policy may also provide that no designation or change of beneficiary shall be binding on the insurer until endorsed on the policy by the insurer and that the insurer may refuse to endorse the name of any proposed beneficiary who does not appear to the insurer to have an insurable interest in the life of the insured. The policy may also provide that if the beneficiary designated in the policy does not make a claim under the policy or does not surrender the policy with due proof of death within the period stated in the policy, which shall not be less than 30 days after the death of the insured, or if the beneficiary is the estate of the insured, or is a minor, or dies before the insured, or is not legally competent to give a valid release, then the insurer may make any payment thereunder to the executor or administrator of the insured, or to any relative of the insured by blood or legal adoption or connection by marriage, or to any person appearing to the insurer to be equitably entitled thereto by reason of having been named beneficiary, or by reason of having incurred expense for the maintenance, medical attention or burial of the insured. The policy may also include a similar provision applicable to any other payment due under the policy.

（§ 2915., Title 18, Delaware Code）

译文：

劳工人寿保险单应显示保险单或作为保单附件的投保申请书或其他表格上指定的受益人姓名，并保留保单签发后指定或变更受益人的权利，除非所述受益人经不可撤销指定。保单可以规定，在保险公司在保单上背书之前，受益人的指定或变更不得对保险公司具有约束力，并且保险公司可拒绝在其看来对于被保险人的寿命不具有可保利益的任何拟议受益人。此外，保单还可以规定，如果保单指定的受益人未在保单规定的期限内（自被保险人死亡后不少于30天）根据保单提出索赔或未退保并提供适当的死亡证明，或者，如果受益人是被保险人的遗产法人或未成年人或早于被保险人死亡或在法律上不具有出具放弃文书的资格，则保险公司可依据保单向下列人士支付任何款项：被保险人的遗嘱执行人或遗产管理人，或被保险人有血缘关系、通过合法收养或有姻亲关系的任何亲属，或在保险公司看来因已成为指定受益人或已发生的与被保险人有关的扶养或赡养费、治疗费或丧葬费而通过衡平法有权获得付款的任何人。

例句2：

(e) gross claims payable in respect of—

(i) direct underwriting business;

(ii) reinsurance contracts accepted,

distinguishing between those payable on death, on surrender, by way of lump sum on maturity or by way of periodic payments under the contracts of insurance;

(e)就下列而须支付的申索毛额——

(i)直接承保业务；

(ii)已接受的再保险合约；

区分为根据保险合约在死亡时支付、退保时支付、在满期时以整笔付款方式支付或以分期付款方式支付的申索毛额；

（香港《保险业条例》（第41章）附表3第5部第25(e)条）

例句3：

原文：

This section does not apply to insurance issued under nonforfeiture provisions of lapsed or surrendered policies.

（§ 2910.(d), Title 18, Delaware Code）

译文：

本节不适用于根据失效保单或注销保单的不丧失价值条款签发的保险。

需要注意的是，保单一般会包含解约条款（surrender clause），其中该条款一般规定，订约的任何一方须在要求注销之前的一定期限，向对方致送通知，待期限终了，保险合同才告失效。保单注销以后，须退还相应的保险费。如果保单并未生效，被保险人原则上可收回全部保险费，但保险人也有权收取最低保费，或手续费。如果被保险人在保险单有效期内中途注销保险单，应按规定费率交纳保险费，保险人将全部保险费扣除应交保险费以后的余额退给被保险人；如果保险人要求注销保险单，对未到期部分的保险费应按日计算退还给被保险人。

这里重点解释两个术语，一个是退保手续费，英文是surrender charge，《元照英美法词典》将其译为“退保费用”，即人寿保险公司在确定退保金现金价值、已缴清之保费金额或延期保险时所收取的费用；另一个是退保金，英文是surrender value，《元照英美法词典》将其译为“退保现金价值”，即在人寿保险中，当保单持有人向保险公司要求退保时，保险公司应支付给他的现金数。

例句：

原文：

For annuity contracts issued on or after January 1, 2012, that provide cash surrender benefits:

(a) The cash surrender value on or past the maturity date must be equal to the amount used to determine the annuity benefits;

(b) A surrender charge may not be imposed on or past the maturity date of the annuity contract; and

(c) For annuity contracts with one or more renewable guaranteed periods, a new surrender charge schedule may be imposed for each new guaranteed period if:

(1) The surrender charge is zero at the end of each guaranteed period and remains zero for at least 30 days;

(2) The contract provides for continuation of the contract without surrender charges unless the contract holder specifically elects a new guaranteed period with a new surrender charge schedule; and

(3) The renewal period does not exceed 10 years and the maturity date complies with NRS 688A.3637.

（NRS 688A.3633）

译文：

对于2012年1月1日或之后签发的年金合约，提供退保现金利益：

(a)到期日或之后的退保现金价值须等于用于确定年金利益的金额；

(b)不得在年金合约到期日或之后收取退保费用；以及

(c)对于具有一个或多个可续保证期的年金合约，在下列情况下，每一新的保证期会采用新的退保费用表：

(1)每个保证期结束时退保费用为零，且在至少30天内一直保持为零；

(2)合约规定在不收取退保费用的情况下合约继续有效，除非合约持有人明确选择新的保证期和新的退保费用表；以及

(3)续展期不超过10年，且到期日符合NRS 688A.3637的规定。

参考：

《元照英美法词典》

百度百科

来源：译问