24考研题源外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练-- 新一轮移民潮开启，对发达国家的经济意味着什么？

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上期划线句答案

And it is also thanks to Natura EKOS products and the work of these communities that 1.8 million hectares of foresthave been conservedfor sustainable resource use and a better future for generations to come.

也正式由于Natura EKOS的产品和这些社区获得的工作，180万公顷的森林得到了保护，可以实现资源的可持续利用，为子孙后代创造更美好的未来。

本期内容

双语阅读

Last year 1.2m people moved to Britain—almost certainly the most ever. Net migration (ie, immigrants minus emigrants) to Australia is currently twice the rate before the covid-19 pandemic. Spain’s equivalent figure recently hit an all-time high. Nearly 1.4m people on net are expected to move to America this year, one-third more than before the pandemic. In 2022 net migration to Canada was more than double the previous record. In Germany it was even higher than during the “migration crisis” of 2015. The rich world as a whole is in the middle of an unprecedented migration boom.

去年有120万人移居英国，人数之多几乎可以肯定是史上之最。澳大利亚的净移民（即移入者减去移出者）是疫情前的两倍。西班牙这个数字近期也创下历史新高。预计美国今年将净移入近140万人，比疫情前多三分之一。2022年，加拿大的净移民人数达到先前纪录的两倍多，德国的人数甚至比2015年“移民危机”期间还要高。整个富裕世界正处于史无前例的移民潮之中。

The rich world is in the middle of an immigration boom, with its foreign-born population rising faster than at any point in history. What does this mean for the global economy? Not long ago it seemed as if many wealthy countries hadturneddecisivelyagainstmass migration. In 2016 Britons voted for Brexit and then Americans for Donald Trump—both political projects had a strong anti-migrant streak.

富裕世界正处于一股外来移民热潮之中，其外国出生人口的增速比史上任何时期都要快。这对全球经济有什么影响？不久前，许多富裕国家似乎已经坚决反对大规模移民。2016年，英国人投票支持脱欧，美国人投票支持唐纳德·特朗普——这两个政治事件都有强烈的反移民倾向。

Some of the surge in migration is because people aremaking upfor lost time. Many migrants acquired visas in 2020 or 2021, but only made the trip once covid restrictions loosened. Yet the rich world’s foreign-born population—at well over 100m—is now above its pre-crisis trend, suggesting something else is going on. The nature of the post-pandemic economy is a big part of the explanation. Unemployment in the rich world, at 4.8%, has not been so low in decades. Bosses are desperate for staff, withvacanciesnear an all-time high.

移民激增的部分原因是人们在弥补失去的时间。许多移民获得签证的时间是2020年或2021年，但直到新冠限制放松后才开始旅行。然而，富裕国家中的外国人出生人口——远超过1亿——现在已经超过了危机前的发展趋势，这表明原因不止于此。疫情后经济的性质是一个重要的解释原因。发达国家失业率为4.8%，几十年来都没有低到过这种程度。老板们迫切需要员工，岗位空缺数量几乎达到有史以来的最高水平。

Currency movements may be another factor. A British pound buys more than 100 Indian rupees, compared with 90 in 2019. Since the beginning of 2021 the average emerging-market currency hasdepreciatedby about 4% against the dollar. Many governments are also trying to attract more people. Canada has an explicit target to welcome 1.5m new residents in 2023-25. Germany and India recently signed an agreement to allow more Indians to work and study in Germany.

汇率变动可能是另一个因素。1英镑可兑换100多印度卢比，而2019年时只能换90卢比。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~很多国家的政府也在努力吸引更多的人。加拿大制定的一个明确的目标是在2023-2025年之间吸纳150万新的常驻居民。德国和印度最近签署的一项协议中允许更多印度人在德国工作和学习。

Even those countrieshithertohostile to migration, including Japan and South Korea, are looking more favourably on outsiders as they seek to counteract the impact of ageing populations. Research suggests that migrants also help to build trading and investment links between their home country and the receiving one. Aslugof young workers also helps generate more tax revenue.

即使是那些迄今对移民持敌对态度的国家，包括日本和韩国，在寻求抵消人口老龄化影响的方法时，对外来者的态度也更加积极了。研究表明，移民还有助于在他们的家乡国和移民迁入国之间建立贸易和投资联系。大量的年轻工人也有助于增加税收。

本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

发布时间：2023.05.29

作者：Economic

原文标题：A new wave of mass migration has begun

词汇积累

1.vacancy

英/ ˈveɪkənsi /美/ ˈveɪkənsi /

n.空缺，空职；（旅馆等的）空房，空间；无知，空虚；空隙，空处

2.depreciate

英/ dɪˈpriːʃieɪt /美/ dɪˈpriːʃieɪt /

v.（使）贬值，（使）降价；贬低，轻视

3.hitherto

英/ ˌhɪðəˈtuː /美/ ˌhɪðərˈtuː /

adv.迄今，至今

4.slug

英/ slʌɡ /美/ slʌɡ /

n.蛞蝓，鼻涕虫；<非正式>子弹，气枪弹；满满一口（尤指烈酒）；<美>（投入机器中的）假硬币，代币；懒汉，懒虫；重击；（整行铸排机印刷时的）一行铅字；（计算机）处理后的标题（用于构建固定链接）

v.<非正式>重击（某人）；猛击（球）；痛饮（某物，尤指酒），大喝；决一雌雄（slug it out）

词组搭配

1.turn against 反对，敌对

2.make up 化妆；弥补；编造

写作句总结

原句：The nature of the post-pandemic economy is a big part of the explanation.

结构：XXX is a big part of the explanation.

XX是某件事的主要原因/诠释之一。

例句：Coding is a big part of the explanation for how technology has transformed modern society.

阅读理解题

What is the main point of the article?
A. The global economy is negatively impacted by the unprecedented migration boom.
B. The rich world is experiencing an unprecedented migration boom due to various factors.
C. The surge in migration is solely due to people making up for lost time during the pandemic.
D. Many wealthy countries have turned decisively against mass migration due to political projects.

B。A项negatively错误；C项只是移民增加的部分原因；D项turned decisively against是之前的情况，并非文章的主旨。

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在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~

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（戳码回复“J88”）

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