张维为：美国阿富汗战争的开销，几乎可以消除全世界的极端贫困

“以2.3万亿美元，美国阿富汗战争的开销，我们几乎可以消除全世界的极端贫困。”

6月14日，复旦大学中国研究院院长张维为在全球人权治理高端论坛上这样说道。

由国务院新闻办公室、外交部和国家国际发展合作署共同主办的全球人权治理高端论坛14日在北京举行，论坛以“平等、合作、发展：《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》通过30周年与全球人权治理”为主题，来自近百个国家和包括联合国机构在内的国际组织的300余名中外嘉宾出席论坛，共话全球人权治理。

Jointly hosted by the Information Office of the State Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the China International Development Cooperation Agency, the Forum on Global Human Rights Governance held in Beijing on Wednesday and Thursday aims to address the deficits in that realm, and to improve human rights conditions worldwide, particularly in the less-developed countries and regions. Themed "Equality, Cooperation and Development: The 30th Anniversary of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and Global Human Rights Governance", the event has attracted more than 300 experts, researchers and officials from home and abroad.

本次论坛设有“国际合作与全球人权治理”“全球发展倡议与发展权的实现”“全球安全倡议与人权保障”“联合国人权机制与全球人权治理”“数字时代的人权保障”等5个分论坛，与会中外嘉宾从不同角度展开交流研讨。

▌马朝旭：一些西方国家到处充当人权的教师爷

论坛开幕上，外交部副部长马朝旭表示，人民幸福生活是最大的人权，生存权、发展权是首要的基本人权。世界上不存在定于一尊的人权模式，各国自主选择人权发展道路的权利应该得到尊重。一些西方国家无视自身存在的严重人权问题，到处充当人权“教师爷”，干涉别国内政，必须坚决抵制。

The foundation of human rights lies in people, and the most important human right is for people to live a happy life. Whether people's interests are safeguarded and their sense of gain, happiness and security is enhanced is an important criterion for testing countries' human rights status. There is no one-size-fits-all model of human rights in the world. Countries differ in social and political conditions, history and cultural traditions and they must, and can only, explore their own path of human rights development in light of their historical realities and people's needs, according to China's Vice-Foreign Minister Ma Zhaoxu.

马朝旭说，中国始终积极参与全球人权治理，广泛拓展同各方人权交流合作，愿同各方一道，弘扬全人类共同价值，推动全球人权治理朝着更加公平公正合理包容的方向发展，推动构建人类命运共同体。

▌张维为：美国阿富汗战争的开销，几乎可以消除全世界的极端贫困

在论坛发言中，复旦大学中国研究院院长张维为教授指出，过去数十年，中国已经完全消除了极端贫困，8亿多人摆脱了贫困，4亿多人迈入中等收入群体，这是人类文明史上的奇迹，对全球人权治理具有深远的启迪意义。

Over the more than four decades of reform and opening-up, China has lifted more than 800 million people out of poverty and brought over 400 million people into the middle-income group, noted Zhang Weiwei, director of the China Institute of Fudan University.

由此联想到美国发动的长达20年的阿富汗战争，它耗费了近2.3万亿美元，结果是践踏人权，无数生灵涂炭，无数流离失所。

张维为说，与此形成鲜明的对照，中国以美国阿富汗战争费用的大约十分之一的资金，也就是2500亿美元左右，十年内成功地使最后的1亿贫困人口彻底脱贫，从而实现了整个国家完全消除极端贫困的目标。

我们甚至可以由此而提出一个理论上的假设：如果我们参照中国扶贫模式去做的话，以2.3万亿美元，美国阿富汗战争的开销，我们几乎可以消除全世界的极端贫困，包括美国国内的许多极端贫困。我想这样的国家怎么有资格在这个世界上谈论人权？

China spends about 1/10 of the cost of the US war in Afghanistan, that is about $250 billion, to make the last 100 million poor people out of poverty successfully within ten years, thus achieving the great goal of completely eliminating extreme poverty in the whole country. We can even make a theoretical hypothesis from this. If we follow China's poverty alleviation model, with 2.3 trillion US dollars on the US-Afghanistan war, we could virtually eliminate extreme poverty around the world, including much of it in the United States. I'm wondering how the US is qualified enough to talk about human rights in this world?

张维为说，中国是一个文明型国家，中国的现代化建设坚持从自己的民情、国情、文化传统出发制定各项政策。中国有“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”的千年古训，也就是说人民是国家的基石，只有巩固国家的基石，国家才能安宁，而民生问题解决得好坏，将决定一个国家的前途命运。中国人还说，悠悠万事，民生为大。

他认为，现在看来，中国这种“民生为大”的理念纠正了西方人权治理观念长期存在的一个偏差，即只重视公民政治权，不重视民生权和发展权。

In its modernization drive, China continues to formulate policies based on its own people's feelings, national conditions and cultural traditions. China's philosophy that "people's livelihoods are paramount" has corrected a long-standing deviation of the Western philosophy of human rights governance, which only prioritizes the political rights of citizens, while rights regarding people's livelihoods and development are ignored, Zhang said.

拥有平等发展机会，共享发展成果，实现充分的发展权，是人类社会的不懈追求。在论坛现场，中外嘉宾深入探讨全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议对推动世界人权发展的现实意义。

记者：杨泽坤 李洋

来源：中国日报 新华社 中国新闻网