外刊精读 | “长寿”用英语怎么说？

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今天是小芳老师陪你精读外刊的第86天

难度指数7级（共8级）

前期回顾：

同期回顾

第一步：泛读原文（盲听1遍，泛读1遍，对照文本听1遍）

Instead of engineering shortened lifespans and releasing new products so rapidly, tech groups must improve the quality andlongevityof their devices withoutdenting their commercial success. Governments can help by subsidising producers with longer device lifespans, and by improving access to spare parts with expanded legislation like the right-to-repair. If consumers are armed with the ability to choose devices that last longer and repair those which are broken, their purchasing habits will push the world towards a more sustainable future. But for now, e-waste remain a significant obstacle toreconciling innovation and sustainability. Manufacturers need to make their products last longer.

第二步：精读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍，精读1遍）

读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍）

单词

1. Longevity：

基本释义：Longevity is long life, or the fact of lasting a long time. 长寿；寿命；持久

外刊例句：

Athena, America’s largest boutique lender, requires art worth about $2m to secure its minimum loan of $1m. At Bank of America and other private banks, the minimum loan is closer to $5m. Both accept only works by well-known artists as collateral, since they are the only ones with reliable longevity. Thus art-secured loans are less risky than many believe, says Arturo Cifuentes of Columbia Business School.

美国最大的专门贷款机构Athena，要求用价值200万美元左右的艺术品来担保最低100万美元的贷款。在美国银行和其他私人银行，最低贷款额接近500万美元。所有这些机构都只接受知名艺术家的作品作为抵押物，因为只有这些作品才具有长期稳定的价值。哥伦比亚大学商学院的阿图罗·西丰特斯说，艺术品抵押贷款的风险比许多人认为的要低。——《经济学人》

追根溯源

单词longevity里面的ev部分，来自拉丁语aevum, 意思是“时间；年龄”。所以，在英语里包含ev的单词，多与此相关：

primeval adj. 原始的；初期的

medieval adj. 中世纪的；原始的

coeval adj. 同时代的

同近义词

seniority: The fact of being older or of a higher rank than others.（年长）

lifespan: The lifespan of a person, animal, or plant is the period of time for which they live or are normally expected to live.（寿命）

2. dent

基本释义: 使产生凹痕；损害，削弱

外刊例句：One advantage is that composite-based planes use significantly less fuel. But there’s an important disadvantage. When aluminum is hit, you can see a dent. Composites, though, spring back to the original shape, which could hide internal damage.

使用复合材料制造的飞机的一个优点是能够大大节省燃油消耗。但它也有一个重要缺点。当铝受到撞击时会出现明显凹痕，而复合材料则会自动回复原来形状，使它所受的损伤难以察觉。——《科学美国人》

追根溯源

单词dent最开始来自于古英语dynt，指“凹陷，凹痕”，也可做动词，表示“使（外表）产生凹痕”。后来有引申含义，表示“伤害、挫伤（信心、名誉等）”，或者“减退，削弱”。

“凹痕”有点像牙齿的参差不齐，所以dent作为词根，也表示“牙齿”。一些包含dent的英语单词，多与此相关，例如：

dental /ˈdentəl/ adj. 牙科的，牙齿的

dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生

denture /ˈdentʃər/ n. 假牙

影视例句

在美剧《摩登家庭》S02E24，路人以为Phil和Gloria是夫妻，Phil对这样的误会似乎还有点小心机：

I didn't think anything of it...until other people started making the same mistake. It reminded me of a college job I had parking cars. One day, I had to park an Aston Martin. I'll never forget the looks I got driving that baby down the block. I wasn't gonna dent this one.

我没有多想什么，直到别人也都开始犯同样的错误。让我想起了大学做泊车小弟的那会，有一天，我去泊一辆阿斯顿·马丁时，我永远也忘不了我开着那台好车时，别人投过来的羡慕眼光。这一次，我也一样要顺水推舟。

3. reconcile: 恢复友好关系

深入解读

Reconcile 一词源自拉丁语 reconcilare （使在一起、重新获得、争取过来、安抚和解），14世纪中期进入英语后便开始用来形容人“使和解、使和好如初”，也就是在疏远、争论或分歧之后恢复团结和友谊，常用被动语态并搭配 reconcile sb with sb ，

比如：他最近已经和妻子和好了。昨天他毫不犹豫地狂吻了他的妻子。

He has recently been reconciled with his wife. Yesterday he lavished his wife with kisses without demur.

双方的和解往往意味着两人或其中一人作出妥协，等到了14世纪末， reconcile 就被用来表示“将就、妥协”或“使甘心、使顺从、使安心”，常用搭配 reconcile oneself to sth ，同 resign oneself to sth ，多指因无法改变而在自己不喜欢的情况下接受某个不快的局面或事实，暗含顺从和屈服之意，

比如：她必须接受这样一个事实：要想通过考试，就必须下点工夫死记硬背。

She must reconcile herself to the fact that she must do some rote learning if she wants to pass her exams.

而到了16世纪50年代后， reconcile 又进一步从和解不相容的人发展到和解不相容的事物，也就是“调和、调解、协调、使和谐一致”，多指寻找一种可接受的方式来处理两个或两个以上似乎相互对立的想法、需求、信仰、情况等，使之一致并能够共存，常用搭配 reconcile sth with sth，

比如：这个强硬的女权主义者发现她很难兼顾事业上的抱负和孩子们的需要。

The strident feminist found that it was hard to reconcile her career ambitions with the needs of her children.

此外，用在宗教领域时 reconcile 还可以指“使被革出教会者或悔罪者复归教会”或经特定仪式“使遭亵渎的教堂等恢复洁净”。

名著用例

E.g. I cannot be so easily reconciled to myself. 我心里实在过意不去。

出自19世纪英国小说家简·奥斯丁（Jane Austen）的代表作《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）。

E.g. Time and again, the mothers strive to remind their daughters of their history and heritage. Meanwhile, their daughters struggle to reconcile their mothers' perception of them with who they really are. 母亲们再三提醒她们的女儿要追宗念祖，不能忘本，与此同时，作为现代美国女性，当女儿的，确实很难接受母亲的那一套。

《喜福会》- 美籍华人女性的故事

句型

长句分析

Instead of engineering shortened lifespans and releasing new products so rapidly, tech groups must improve the quality and longevity of their devices without denting their commercial success.

句子成分

介词短语：instead of…

主语：tech groups

谓语：must improve

宾语：the quality and longevity of their devices

补语：without denting their commercial success

写作

主题句：Manufacturers need to make their products last longer.

本段落主题讲的是制造商需要让他们的产品更耐用，作者也顺势提出如何将产品做的更耐用，包括科技集团应该采取的方法（改变商业成功的方式）、政府也应该采用相应的方法（补贴）。

第三步：阅读双语文章

上下滑动阅读双语全文

Instead of engineering shortened lifespans and releasing new products so rapidly, tech groups must improve the quality and longevity of their devices without denting their commercial success. Governments can help by subsidising producers with longer device lifespans, and by improving access to spare parts with expanded legislation like the right-to-repair. If consumers are armed with the ability to choose devices that last longer and repair those which are broken, their purchasing habits will push the world towards a more sustainable future. But for now, e-waste remain a significant obstacle to reconciling innovation and sustainability. Manufacturers need to make their products last longer.

制造商需要让他们的产品更耐用。科技集团必须在不影响其商业成功的情况下，改善设备的质量和使用寿命，而不是想方设法缩短使用寿命，并如此迅速地发布新产品。政府可以通过补贴生产使用寿命较长的设备的厂商来提供帮助，还可以扩大诸如维修权等立法来改善零配件的获取。如果消费者能够选择更耐用的设备，并修复损坏的设备，他们的购买习惯就将推动世界走向一个更可持续的未来。但就目前而言，电子垃圾仍然是协调创新和可持续性的一大障碍。

第四步：回答问题（评论区回答问题）

Reading Questions：

1. What can governments do to help manufacturers create products with longer lifespans?

2. How will consumers be able to influence the sustainability of tech products?

3. What is the current issue preventing innovation and sustainability from being reconciled?

4. 跟读+模仿（这是学习英语口语最好的方法），群提交语音作品

滑动查看答案

Q1

A: Governments can help by subsidizing producers with longer device lifespans, and by improving access to spare parts with expanded legislation like the right-to-repair.

Q2

A: If consumers are armed with the ability to choose devices that last longer and repair those which are broken, their purchasing habits will push the world towards a more sustainable future.

Q3

A: E-waste remains a significant obstacle to reconciling innovation and sustainability.

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