北京
1月12日，陕西省文物局发布2022年度陕西重要考古发现，秦始皇帝陵考古发掘取得了重要突破，新发现陶俑220余件。
Over 220 terracotta warriors have been unearthed from a burial pit near Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum in Northwest China's Shaanxi province, the provincial cultural relics bureau said Thursday.
一号坑第三次考古发掘发现的彩绘俑头 图源：新华社
2009年，考古工作者开始对秦始皇帝陵园外围的大型陪葬坑——一号坑，进行第三次考古发掘。此次发掘面积约430平方米，目前共清理陶俑220余件、陶马16匹、战车4乘，以及车马器、兵器、生产工具等。
The discovery was made during a major excavation that started in 2009, the third of its kind at Pit No.1, carried out in an area of about 430 square meters. A total of 16 terracotta horses, 4 chariots, some weapons, and production tools were also unearthed.
秦兵马俑陪葬坑是秦始皇帝陵园外围的一组大型陪葬坑，其中一号坑面积最大，平面呈长方形，总面积14260平方米，按照排列密度估算，全部发掘后可出土陶俑、陶马约6000件。
Pit No.1, the largest burial pit excavated so far near the mausoleum, covers an area of 14,260 square meters. Based on the density of the army arrangement, more than 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses could be unearthed in the pit after full excavation.
秦始皇帝陵博物院研究员申茂盛介绍，一号坑的建筑结构为框架式，与厢椁式陪葬坑相比，技术较为原始，由此推知其在陵园中修建较早。一号坑总面积14260平方米，为陪葬坑中面积最大，按照排列密度估算，全部发掘后可出土陶俑、陶马约6000件。
据申茂盛介绍，此次考古发掘明确了陶俑的制作程序：陶俑在塑出大型后，先进行细部雕饰，然后再粘接双臂。此外，这次考古发掘取得了多项突破——明确了武器的种类与配属，清理出俑坑中第一面盾牌，初步厘清军阵的排列规律……
According to Shen Maosheng, a researcher at the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum, several breakthroughs have been made during the excavation. For example, the pattern of the formation of the army in the pit was preliminarily clarified. Archaeologists have also made clear the production procedure of the terracotta warriors -- detailed carving was done to the figurines' bodies before arms were connected with them.
一号坑第三次考古发掘发现的将军俑 图源：新华社
此外，通过考古发掘，认为俑的双臂单独制作，待陶俑躯干完全制作好后进行二次覆细泥，细部雕饰包括铠甲已完成后才粘接双臂，搞清楚了陶俑的制作程序。彩绘保护与文物修复也有了新的突破，截至目前已修复陶俑约140余件。
申茂盛表示，此次考古发掘显示，甬道被人挖开过，推测有人利用甬道进入俑坑。能够利用甬道进入俑坑进行破坏的人，一定是参与了俑坑修建的人，联想投降项羽的秦兵，这些人在接受了项羽的指令来破坏的话，一定是轻车熟路，所以，甬道迹象可为项羽破坏秦始皇陵园和兵马俑坑提供一个非常有力的佐证。
编辑：李金昳
实习生：姚欣可
来源：新华社 中国新闻网
特别声明：以上内容(如有图片或视频亦包括在内)为自媒体平台“网易号”用户上传并发布，本平台仅提供信息存储服务。
Notice: The content above (including the pictures and videos if any) is uploaded and posted by a user of NetEase Hao, which is a social media platform and only provides information storage services.
