荔枝爱好者狂喜！中国科学家攻克无核荔枝种植难题

无核荔枝种植难度极大，产量极少，一箱仅48颗的无核荔枝市场价却高达550元。日前，这一高档水果的种植难题被中国热带农业科学院荔枝龙眼研究团队攻克，高品质无核荔枝将有望走进普通老百姓的果盘。

Lychee and longan experts at the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences have recently revealed that they have solved planting conundrums for unique lychee species that mainly grows in South China's Hainan province. What sets this species apart is that it has no seeds at all. The news indicates that with an increase in production of these seedless lychees, the fruit delicacy is more likely to become a common sight at the dinner table.

无核荔枝栽培存在两个重大难题：一是成花不稳定，暖冬年份极难开花；二是果实成熟前易出现严重的裂果和落果现象，每年损失超过40%，有些年份达90%，严重影响了果农的经济效益。

The team has solved two main planting problems. The first was breeding varieties with more stable flower formation to better allow the formation of fruit. The second was altering the thickness of the fruit's stem and skin, which prevents it from dropping too quickly from the tree after ripening.

近日，中国热带农业科学院荔枝龙眼研究团经过多年的科技攻关，成功研发了无核荔枝催花技术，解决了无核荔枝成花难、成花不稳定的难题,研发了无核荔枝防裂防落技术，成功攻克无核荔枝采前裂果、落果严重的难题，并在海南省澄迈县老城镇建立无核荔枝防裂防落示范基地200亩。

Following the resolution of these planting issues, researchers have established a demonstration base in Chengmai county, Hainan province, that focuses on nurturing seedless lychee. Currently, the price of the new fruit has dropped to around 100 yuan a kilogram.

2022年，该示范园实现平均亩产1139.6公斤，96.1%的果实无开裂，落果率仅4.6%，商品果率高达86.1%，每亩产值4万～8万元，极大提高了无核荔枝的经济效益。

据该研究团队预测，随着无核荔枝面临的技术难题的解决，预计未来三至五年无核荔枝种植面积将迅速扩大，无核荔枝成熟将提前，经济效益更高，预计每亩产值在2万～4万元，每年为海南创造经济价值8亿～20亿元。

编辑：商桢
来源：科技日报 新华网 环球时报