如何写论文评审意见（Writing a reviewer report）

无论你建议接受还是拒绝原稿，请记住，你的目标之一是帮助作者改进这本和未来的原稿，而不是让他们绝望地放弃。避免过于消极的措辞或个人评论，指出手稿的主要优点和缺点，并建议解决您发现的问题的具体方法。此外，避免发表过于简短和直接的评论，因为这些会给你的评审报告带来不友好的基调。大多数期刊的审稿人都是匿名的，因此，如果匿名对你很重要，那么就避免发表可能让作者明显看到你身份的评论。

Whether you recommend accepting or rejecting the manuscript, keep in mind that one of your goals is to help the authors improve this and future manuscripts—not to make them give up in despair. Avoid overly negative wording or personal comments, point out the main strengths of the manuscript as well as its weaknesses, and suggest specific ways to fix the problems you identify. Also, avoid making overly brief and direct comments, as these can give your report an unfriendly tone. Reviewers for most journals are anonymous, so if anonymity is important to you, avoid comments that could make your identity obvious to the authors.

如果编辑发送了有关评审意见格式的特定说明，或作为评审的一部分填写的表格，则您应按要求的格式编写报告。如果未收到具体说明，则“评审报告”应分为两部分：仅由编辑阅读的评论，以及由编辑和作者共同阅读的评论。

If the editor sent specific instructions for the reviewer report, or a form to fill out as part of the review, you should write your report in the requested format. If you received no specific instructions, the reviewer report should be divided into two parts: comments to be read only by the editor, and comments to be read by both the editor and the authors.

仅针对编辑的评论：

Comments for only the editor:

在本节中，向编辑推荐手稿，更重要的是，给出推荐意见的背后的理由。这些通常与手稿的科学可靠性、新颖性、质量、重要性以及是否适合该杂志有关。编辑在决定一篇论文是否适合他们的期刊时会考虑很多因素，所以为你的推荐提供证据或理由是非常有帮助的。

In this section, give the editor your recommendation for the manuscript and, more importantly, your reasons behind it. These usually have to do with the manuscript’s scientific soundness, novelty, quality, importance, and suitability for the journal. Editors take many factors into consideration when deciding whether a paper is right for their journal so providing evidence or reasoning for your recommendation is extremely helpful.

提示：推荐建议通常是以下几种之一：录用当前形式的手稿，小改后发表，仅在作出重大改进时发表，或拒绝论文。

TIP: Recommendations are usually one of the following: accept manuscript in its current form, publish with minor changes, publish only if major improvements are made, or to reject the paper.

编辑和作者的评论：

Comments for both the editor and authors:

在这一部分，写一份详细的报告，回顾稿件的不同部分。从你第一次阅读后写的稿件的简短摘要开始。然后，在带编号的列表中，解释您发现需要解决的每个问题。将清单分为两部分：主要问题和次要问题。首先，写下主要问题，包括研究方法或分析的问题。接下来，写一些小问题，可能包括难以阅读的表格或图表、需要更多解释的部分以及删除不必要文本的建议。如果你认为稿件的英文不适合发表，试着给出具体的例子，以便作者知道什么以及如何解决问题。

In this section, write a detailed report reviewing the different parts of the manuscript. Start with the short summary of the manuscript you wrote after your first reading. Then, in a numbered list, explain each of the issues you found that need to be addressed. Divide the list into two sections: major issues and minor issues. First, write about the major issues, including problems with the study’s method or analysis. Next, write about the minor issues, which might include tables or figures that are difficult to read, parts that need more explanation, and suggestions to delete unnecessary text. If you think the English language of the manuscript is not suitable for publication, try to give specific examples so that the authors know what and how to address the problems.

尽可能具体地说明稿件的缺点以及如何解决这些缺点。如果稿件有行号，请在评论中包括你正在讨论的研究部分的页码和行号。这将有助于作者和编辑，他们以后可能需要判断作者是否已经修复了修订稿中的问题。例如，与其写下“对拟议机制的解释不清楚”，还不如写下“对所提出的机制的解释应该更详细。请考虑参考李和史米斯等人（2008）和施泰因和Burdak等人（2010）的工作”。

Be as specific as you can about the manuscript’s weaknesses and how to address them. If the manuscript has line numbers, include the page and line number(s) specific to the part of the study you are discussing. This will help both the authors and the editor, who may later need to judge if the authors have fixed the problems in their revised manuscript. For example, instead of, “The explanation of the proposed mechanism is not clear.” You might write, “The explanation of the proposed mechanism should be more detailed. Consider referring to the work of Li and Smith, et al. (2008) and Stein and Burdak, et al. (2010).”

请记住，作者——甚至编辑——可能不是以英语为母语的人。写完评论后，请仔细阅读，以检查您是否使用了清晰、简单的措辞，以及建议更改的原因是否清楚。

Keep in mind that the authors – and even the editor – may not be native English speakers. Read over your comments after you finish writing them to check that you’ve used clear, simple wording, and that the reasons for your proposed changes are clear.