你是否曾陷入过这样的减肥困境:少油少糖顿顿清淡,跑步跳操累到出汗,可体重秤上的数字纹丝不动,甚至悄悄上涨……
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这背后的“真凶”,可能是一种被称为皮质醇的激素。
什么是皮质醇?
皮质醇是一种由大脑刺激肾上腺分泌的激素,通俗讲,它的工作就是帮我们来对抗压力。
在急性应激状态下,皮质醇短期升高有助于动员能量、维持血糖稳定、调节免疫反应,是机体的一种正常保护机制。
Cortisol is a hormone that is released by adrenal glands via signals from the brain. In simple terms, cortisol's job is to help us handle stress.
cortisol /ˈkɔːrtɪzɑːl/ 皮质醇
adrenal gland /əˈdriː.nəl ˌɡlænd/ 肾上腺
During periods of acute stress, a short-term rise in cortisol helps mobilize energy, keeps blood sugar stable, and regulates the immune response — it's the body's normal, built-in way of protecting itself.
然而,熬夜加班、情绪焦虑、家庭琐事、精神内耗、睡眠不足……这些压力持续不断,让身体一直误以为“处于危险中”,于是皮质醇长期居高不下,而这就是“压力肥”的开始。
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皮质醇增多可以通过多种作用机制影响体重。
提升食欲:皮质醇可以作用于大脑的食欲调节中枢,刺激食欲,使人们进食高热量、高脂肪和高糖食物。
Cortisol acts on the brain's appetite-regulating centers, stimulating hunger and driving people to reach for foods that are high in calories, fat, and sugar.
促进血糖转化为脂肪:皮质醇会提高糖原、脂类、蛋白质的分解,间接增加血液中葡萄糖的含量,为了“消灭”血糖,胰岛素含量就会随之升高,将血糖转化成脂肪储存在我们的身体里。
Cortisol speeds up the breakdown of glycogen, lipids, and proteins, which indirectly raises the level of glucose in the blood. To "mop up" this excess blood sugar, insulin levels then rise, converting that glucose into fat and storing it throughout the body.
mop up 结束,完成
影响其他激素:长期的皮质醇偏高会让我们的面部、腰腹及后背等部位的脂肪更容易堆积,也会通过影响其他相关激素水平来增加我们内脏脂肪的囤积。
When cortisol is chronically elevated, it makes it easier for fat to accumulate around the face, waist, abdomen, and back. It also promotes the buildup of visceral fat by altering the levels of other related hormones.
如何降低皮质醇?
越减越肥不是意志力问题,而是压力下的生理反应。当皮质醇水平回归正常,自然会轻松瘦下来。正确的顺序是先减压,再减重;先睡好,再吃好。
以下几种方法对降低皮质醇有帮助:
❶缓解压力:睡前泡脚,压力大时深呼吸,做一些自己喜欢的事,听舒缓的音乐使身体放松下来。
Soak your feet before bed. When you're feeling overwhelmed, take deep breaths. Do things you enjoy and listen to soothing music to help your body unwind.
❷避免熬夜:皮质醇分泌有昼夜规律,养成良好的睡眠习惯,早睡早起有助于调节皮质醇水平,让减肥事半功倍。
Cortisol secretion follows a circadian rhythm. Developing good sleep habits — going to bed early and waking up early — helps regulate your cortisol levels, making your weight loss efforts twice as effective.
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❸健康饮食:不要不吃早餐,在膳食指南推荐的饮食框架下,适当增加优质碳水化合物的摄入,可以降低静息状态下的皮质醇水平。
❹适当运动:多做一些低强度的户外有氧运动,例如慢跑、骑车、打羽毛球;这会促使身体分泌内啡肽,让人感到愉悦和舒缓,从而降低皮质醇水平。
你在减肥过程中有哪些苦恼呢?快来评论区分享你的健康减肥小妙招!
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来源:央视新闻微信公众号综合中国疾控中心
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