撤稿不再等于社死：研究建议宽恕“自我举报”的作者

来源：市场资讯

（来源：Pubpeer）

近日，《Accountability in Research》期刊发表了一项引人瞩目的研究，题为“自我撤稿即救赎：对悔过作者的宽恕”。该研究由独立研究员阿巴斯·哈格舍纳斯完成，旨在应对学术出版中因惧怕惩罚而导致的问题论文撤稿难题。

研究指出，当前针对学术不端的严

厉惩罚机制，虽维护了底线，却无意中造就了作者、机构乃至出版商之间阻挠撤稿的“系统性共谋”，使得科学记录的自我修正过程缓慢而痛苦。

为此，研究者创新性地提出了“层级化自我撤稿宽恕模型”。该模型的核心在于，通过制度性免除因主动撤稿（特指涉及不端的行为）而可能招致的社会与职业惩罚，鼓励各方勇于纠正错误，从而显著降低撤稿的系统性阻力，加速科学知识的净化与更新。 研究同时强调，模型内嵌了防护机制以防止滥用，并呼吁学界共同完善细则。

这一提议在学术伦理领域激起了广泛涟漪。支持者视其为提高科研自净效率的务实之举，反对者则担忧其可能削弱对不端的威慑。无论如何，该项研究已成功地将一个关键问题置于聚光灯下：在捍卫科研诚信的道路上，除了惩罚，是否也应设计更具智慧的激励相容机制？这场关于“宽恕”与“惩戒”的辩论，或许将深刻影响未来科学界的游戏规则。

ABSTRACT

While the scientific community has traditionally responded to misconduct in publications through various penalties, the potential for encouraging self-retraction by waiving such punishments has been less explored. This approach could significantly enhance and accelerate the refinement of scientific discourse. Inspired by frequent reports of systematic collusion against the retraction of fraudulent publications, this paper proposes a model for Hierarchical Self-Retraction Forgiveness (HSRF). The model is specifically designed for retractions related to misconduct, aiming to mitigate systemic obstacles to retraction. By alleviating concerns over reputational damage, it seeks to encourage both authors and their affiliated institutions, as well as the higher supporting layers of the system, to engage in self-retraction without fear of social or institutional penalties. Robust safeguards have been integrated to prevent exploitation, and ongoing dialogue and refinement of these measures are encouraged to further enhance the model’s effectiveness.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41703792/