近日,浙江金华一名14岁男孩把干冰放进冰箱,结果半夜冰箱突然爆炸,里面的物品也被炸得散落一地。
A teenager in Jinhua, Zhejiang province, recently learned the hard way that dry ice and household freezers don't mix.
The 14-year-old placed dry ice in the family freezer, only for the appliance to explode in the middle of the night, scattering frozen food and debris across the kitchen.
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图源:中国消防
其家长纪女士介绍,孩子从小就热爱科学,对干冰产生了兴趣,便买来研究,却没想到把冰箱给炸了。
干冰为何会有如此大的破坏力?存储、使用时又需注意什么?
干冰放在冰箱内
为何会发生爆炸
干冰是固态二氧化碳,其升华温度约为-78.5℃,而家用冰箱的冷冻层一般只有-18℃左右。因此,干冰放入冰箱后会持续升华,导致冰箱内蓄积大量二氧化碳气体,最终引发爆炸。
Why is dry ice so dangerous when stored in a freezer? The answer lies in temperature. Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide that sublimates, meaning it turns directly from a solid into a gas, at around -78.5°C. By contrast, a typical home freezer operates at about -18°C.
sublimates /ˈsʌb.lə.meɪt/ 升华
When placed inside, dry ice rapidly sublimates, releasing large volumes of carbon dioxide gas. In a sealed or poorly ventilated space, pressure can build up quickly, eventually leading to an explosion.
ventilated /ˈven.t̬əl.eɪ.t̬ɪd/ 通风的
消防员介绍,日常生活中,干冰常被用来制冷保鲜,但很多人不知道,干冰若储存、使用不当,会产生不小的安全隐患。消防员用一组试验来验证干冰的威力,一起来看。
Firefighters warn that while dry ice is commonly used to keep items cold during transport or for special effects, the risks are often overlooked.
干冰+密闭容器=爆炸
首先,消防员将干冰放进矿泉水瓶内并加入水,瓶内立即出现类似“沸腾”的现象:干冰在水中猛烈“吐泡”,白色烟雾冲出瓶口。随后,消防员将瓶盖拧紧,将瓶子置于操作台上。约30秒后,矿泉水瓶突然爆炸,响声震耳,瓶盖被顶飞。
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矿泉水瓶的瓶盖被顶飞。图源:中国消防
消防员继续试验,将装有干冰和水的矿泉水瓶放进泡沫箱内。一段时间后,干冰突发爆炸,矿泉水瓶被炸裂,外面的泡沫箱也被炸成碎片。
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图源:中国消防
随后,消防员再次用冰箱做测试,将装有干冰和水的矿泉水瓶放入冰箱一段时间后,冰箱门也被巨大的冲击力顶开。
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图源:中国消防
消防员介绍,除了易在密闭空间内引发爆炸外,错误使用干冰还有冻伤和窒息风险。
In addition to the danger of explosions in enclosed spaces, improper handling can cause frostbite due to its extremely low temperature, or even lead to suffocation in poorly ventilated areas.
冻伤:干冰温度极低,身体直接接触易造成冻伤;
窒息:若处于密闭空间内,干冰升华后产生大量二氧化碳气体,易导致人呼吸困难,甚至可能引发窒息。
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图源:中国消防
干冰遇水会产生大量类似白色烟雾的水汽,正因“烟雾缭绕”这一特点,很多孩子喜欢用它玩耍或进行科学实验。消防员提示,干冰不是玩具,不能忽视其潜在的危险。家长和监护人应避免让孩子随意接触或使用干冰。
Another concern is that dry ice mixed with water produces a thick white vapor that resembles fog, which can make it appealing for children's experiments or play. However, firefighters stress that dry ice is not a toy. Parents and guardians should keep it out of children's reach and avoid allowing unsupervised use.
存放、处理干冰时,牢记以下安全知识,可有效避免发生危险。
干冰安全使用指南
❶ 若家中有干冰,家长应把它放在孩子拿不到的地方,并明确告诉孩子干冰的危险性。
❷ 拿取干冰要戴好防冻手套,或用夹子夹取。
❸ 不要过多购买干冰,切勿将干冰存放在罐头、矿泉水瓶等密闭容器内,更不能保存在冰箱里。
❹ 不要在汽车、船舱等密闭空间内使用干冰;车辆运输干冰时,货物应与驾驶舱隔离,驾驶员应注意开窗通风。
❺ 收到生鲜或冷冻食品快递后,若包裹内有干冰冰袋,将其放置在通风良好的空旷地方自然升华即可。
国家应急广播提醒,干冰用途广泛,但其破坏力不容小觑。日常生活中务必正确使用干冰,避免孩子随意接触,谨防发生意外。
来源:新华社微信公众号综合国家应急广播、中国消防
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