“冠军”在英语中可以表达为:
champion
first place
gold medalist
medal/'med(ə)l/ n. 奖牌,勋章,纪念章
medalist n. 奖牌获得者
“亚军”在英语中可以表达为:
second place
runner-up
silver medalist
silver/'sɪlvə/adj. 银制的; 像银的
“季军”在英语中可以表达为:
third place
second runner-up
bronze medalist
bronze/brɒnz/adj. 青铜制的;青铜色的,古铜色的

champion 冠军
释义:
someone or something, especially a person or animal, that has beaten all other competitors in a competition
(人或动物)冠军,获胜者
例句:
an Olympic champion奥运会冠军
She is the world champion for the third year in succession.
她第3次蝉联世界冠军。
in succession 接连地,连续地
The defending champion will play his first match of the tournament tomorrow.
卫冕冠军将在明天参加锦标赛的第一场比赛。
champion作形容词也可以表示“优秀的,第一流的,很好的”。

runner-up 亚军
亚军指在竞赛中比较冠军次一名的参与者。在文言文,亚字带有次级的意思。例如,西周时代,有一职级称为亚卿,就是比较正卿低一个级别;项羽称范增为“亚父”,表示他比生父次一级的意思。后来,人们就以亚军称呼比赛中的第二名。
释义:
In a competition, the runner-up is usually the person who comes in second place. In the Olympics, an athlete who wins a silver medal can be called a runner-up.
在比赛中,runner-up通常指的是第二名。在奥运会上,获得银牌的运动员可以被称为runner-up。
这个取词的意义可能和第二名以及之后的名次的人需要继续追赶(run up)第一名有关。
例句:
Italy, with roughly the same population, has won four World Cups and been runner-up in a few more.
而人口差不多相当的意大利,获得四次世界杯冠军和好几次亚军。

second runner-up/ third place 季军
而季军在英语里就没有单独的词汇,一般都是second runner-up或third place。而如果你使用了复数形式,也就是runners-up 其实它是可以指第一名以后的几名的,可能是第二名、第三名或第四名等。
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