确定了！国家文物局：青海秦代石刻，鉴定为真

9月15日，国家文物局召开发布会，介绍青海省玛多县尕日塘秦刻石调查研究有关情况。

2025年6月8日，《光明日报》刊发了中国社会科学院考古研究所仝涛研究员《实证古代“昆仑”地理位置—青海黄河源发现秦始皇遣使“采药昆仑”石刻》一文，引发广泛关注与讨论。

国家文物局迅速安排中国文化遗产研究院、青海省文物考古研究院组建工作专班，调集石质文物保护、秦汉考古、古文字学和书法篆刻等领域专业人员集中科研攻关，两次赴现场调查，获取了石刻本体与赋存环境等科学数据，组织多学科专家两次召开论证会，多角度论证形成专家意见。经审慎研究，认定为秦代石刻，定名为“尕日塘秦刻石”。

After months of lively debate about its nature, an inscribed rock carving near a lake in Madoi county, Qinghai province, has been identified by the National Cultural Heritage Administration as being from the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).

Tong Tao, an archaeologist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, arrived at the site in 2023 and realized its extraordinary significance.

Except for some unclear characters, Tong recognized that the surviving words indicated that the carving was a historical recording that was absent from previously known documentation.

刻石记载了什么内容？

刻石位于青海省果洛藏族自治州玛多县扎陵湖乡卓让村，地处扎陵湖北岸尕日塘坡地2号陡坎左下方，距湖岸约200米，海拔4306米。文字刻凿壁面总长82厘米，最宽处33厘米，刻字区面积约0.16平方米，距地面约19厘米。

The 37-character inscription was found in 2020 on a rock along a lakeside slope, about 4,300 meters above sea level. It is of typical Qin-era

zhuanshu

据介绍，刻石全文共12行36字，外加合文1字，共37字，保存较完整的文字信息为“皇帝/使五/大夫臣□/將方□/采樂□/陯翳以/卅七年三月/己卯車到/此翳□/前□可/□百五十/里”。

其中，皇帝、使、五大夫、臣、方、采药，以及年月日等文字信息清晰可辨，小方框代表的是缺失或尚无法识别的字。

北京大学中文系教授李零介绍，简单翻译就是，秦始皇派五大夫翳率方技家去昆仑采药，翳乘坐秦始皇三十七年三月己卯日的车到达这里，翳计算来程约二百五十里。

The characters documented that Qinshihuang, the first emperor of China, had sent a high official named Yi on a mission to lead alchemists picking medicinal herbs on Kunlun Mountain.

排除近期新刻可能

经6月13日、7月15日两次实地勘察，刻石与湖滨坡地共同形成了山体挡风、水域调节微气候的地质条件。经实验室分析，刻石岩性为石英砂岩，耐磨性高、抗风化能力强。

经高精度信息增强技术，刻石文字可见明显凿刻痕迹，采用平口工具刻制，符合时代特征。

For the analysis, the administration organized expert panels involving archaeologists, historians, cultural relic conservators and calligraphy researchers, as well as experts in other fields, to conduct two rounds of field research and evaluation of the area surrounding the site.

Laboratory analyses indicate that the inscribed rock consists of quartz sandstone, characterized by high abrasion resistance and strong weathering durability.

Through high-definition examination, distinct tool markings on the inscribed characters were identified, indicating their creation using blunt-tipped engraving instruments, which matches with craftsmanship practices of the historical period.

经矿物和元素分析，排除利用现代合金工具凿刻的可能。

刻痕内部和刻石表面均含有风化次生矿物，经历了长期风化作用，排除了近期新刻可能。

Mineralogical composition studies and metallic element analysis conclusively ruled out the possibility of fabrication involving contemporary alloys or modern carving implements.

The mineral types and contents inside the carved grooves and on the surface of the carved stone are basically consistent. This indicates that both the interior of the grooves and the rock surrounding the inscriptions have undergone long-term weathering.

尕日塘秦刻石高清渲染图

补史之缺，意义重大

“尕日塘秦刻石”是第四次全国文物普查重要成果，刻石与扎陵湖关联形成文化景观，整体保存基本完好，文字多数清晰可辨，因刻石中年月日俱全，不见于文献记载，是我国目前已知唯一存于原址且海拔最高的秦代刻石，矗立河源，补史之缺，意义重大，具有重要的历史、艺术和科学价值。

记者： 王恺昊

编辑：李金昳

来源：中国日报 人民日报客户端 央视新闻

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