仲夏时节,在位于毛乌素沙地边缘的宁夏灵武市白芨滩国家级自然保护区,道路两边一丛丛柠条、花棒、沙柳、沙拐枣等沙生植物,覆盖在绵延起伏的沙丘上,茂密生长、生机盎然;向保护区腹地行进,高矮不一的林草看不到尽头,通过无人机镜头俯瞰,一条绿色屏障挺立在毛乌素沙地西南边缘,仿佛一条横亘沙海的“生命线”。
当满眼绿意渐盛,沙漠不见踪影时,顺着林间小路不经意走进一片充满野趣的自然空间:挺拔高耸的白杨树、樟子松挡住夏日骄阳,槐树、苹果树、枣树等组成丛林景观;梅花鹿、驯鹿在林下草地悠然漫步,不时发出呦呦鹿鸣……
这里是白芨滩国家级自然保护区管理局打造的“青绿莳光鹿营地”,以绿色康养为核心,融合观光、餐饮、研学、采摘、露营等为一体,分为鹿鸣苑、林宿区、森餐区、听风区四大区域,游客可以在这里放松身心、亲近自然。
这样的白芨滩,很难看出曾经茫茫沙海的影子。然而当时间指针拨回20世纪50年代,彼时的白芨滩却是另一番景象:村庄屋舍、农田沟渠被沙漠步步紧逼,沙漠距离黄河最近处只有5公里,当地群众饱受沙害之苦。
为了生存、发展,过去70余年里,三代治沙人在白芨滩艰苦创业、治沙造绿,因地制宜、因水施策,逐渐形成以草方格固沙技术为核心,多种先进适用技术相配合的“1+4”治沙造林“技术套餐”。累计完成治沙造林68万亩,控制流沙面积近百万亩,在毛乌素沙地西南边缘筑起一道绿色屏障,挡住了沙漠南移西扩,使沙漠从黄河边缘后退20公里……
今年世界防治荒漠化和干旱日的主题为“恢复土地,释放机遇”。在白芨滩,随着绿染沙海、绿量增加,荒漠生态系统修复成效凸显,曾经一片荒芜的“生命禁区”开始孕育无限生机和希望。
昆虫、鸟类、小兽类回归,野生动植物种群数量增加,生物多样性逐步显现。如今,沙芦苇、沙冬青等311种植物在这里扎根,山鸡、野兔、狐狸等129种动物在这里落户。近两年,红外相机还监拍到虎鼬、豹猫……
不仅如此,白芨滩的沙产业发展也充满生机活力。过去几十年间,治沙人在沙漠腹地和近生活区分别营造沙生灌木林、乔灌混交林,在这两道生态屏障保护下,选择沙区边缘有水条件的地方推沙造田,发展特色林果、生态养殖、林下种植等产业,并整合资源优势,发展研学教育、森林康养为主的生态旅游,形成“六位一体”沙产业多元化发展模式。
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近几年,白芨滩持续开辟沙产业发展新赛道,利用林下绿荫环境,打造“青绿莳光鹿营地”和枣博园萌宠动物科普园,成为森林康养打卡热门地;探索培育森林康养产品,研发桑葚酒、桑叶茶、桑葚干以及鹿茸系列产品……2024年全年实现沙产业及多种经营收入4400多万元。
“现在的生活真是有了翻天覆地的变化!”在白芨滩国家级自然保护区管理局大泉管理站,治沙职工李国宝种了6亩露地韭菜、承包了4座设施大棚,夫妻俩承包管护800亩防护林,这个家庭每年的工资和产业收入约20万元。
白芨滩国家级自然保护区管理局局长王兴东说,通过发展沙产业,白芨滩不断增强自身造血功能,治沙工人的生活越变越好,治沙事业也保持永续动力。
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