KDPOF：适用于汽车的新型以太网标准 IEEE Std 802.3cz

现代汽车系统更加复杂，因为它们包含许多新的功能，例如自动驾驶、摄像头、传感器、智能娱乐等。而这些全新的元素需要高速、可靠的数据传输网络，以及简单的车内基础设施。

Modernautomotive systems are more complex since they include many new and usefulfunctionalities such as self-driving, cameras, sensors, smart entertainment,etc. These all-new elements demand high-speed and reliable data transmissionnetworks, as well as simple in-car infrastructure.

当前车辆中使用的网络技术可以支持某些需求，但在需要提高速度和可靠性时则会出现许多复杂的情况。而在需要高速数据传输和低延迟的场景时，光链路显示出许多优势，而且也表现出卓越的电磁兼容性。

Currentnetwork technologies used in vehicles can support some demands but present manycomplications when the speed and reliability need to be increased. Optical linksshow many benefits when high-speed data transmission and low latency areneeded, also, they demonstrate superior electromagnetic compatibility.

考虑到这些需求，业界开发了用于汽车高速光通信的新 IEEE Std 802.3cz 标准，同时考虑到汽车行业的所有要求。新标准于 2023 年 3 月发布，包括汽车环境中玻璃多模光纤每通道 2.5、5、10、25 和 50 Gb/s 操作的物理层规范和管理参数。

Consideringthese needs, the industry has developed the new IEEE Std 802.3cz for high-speedautomotive optical communications, taking into account all the requirementsdemanded by the automotive industry. The new standard was published in March2023 and includes Physical Layer specifications and parameters for 2.5, 5, 10,25, and 50 Gb/s per lane over glass multimode optical fiber for the automotive environment.

符合 IEEE Std 802.3cz 光纤以太网连接的主要优点总结如下:

Theprincipal benefits and advantages of this optical ethernet connectivityaccording to the IEEE Std 802.3cz are summarized as follows:

①电磁兼容性：光纤具有固有的抗电磁干扰能力，也不会产生干扰，从而在开发过程中节省大量时间和成本。

①EMC: Optical fiberpossesses inherent immunity to electromagnetic interferences and does notgenerate interference, thereby conserving significant resources in terms ofboth time and cost during development.

②功耗：光纤是一种带宽更高的通道，与铜缆相比，光纤的功耗更低。它并不需要太复杂的数字信号处理 (DSP) 来进行信道均衡和纠错，并且无需回波消除。

②Power consumption: Optical fiber is a muchhigher bandwidth channel, which results in lower power consumption compared tocopper, as it requires less complex Digital Signal Processing (DSP) for channelequalization and error correction, and eliminates the need for echocancellation.

③可靠性/耐久性：该标准的设计考虑到了汽车质量要求，以及 CMOS 技术的实现。其选择 980 nm 波长，使 VCSEL 器件能够满足汽车可靠性和使用寿命的要求。

③Reliability/Durability: The standard has beendesigned bearing in mind implementations based on the CMOS technology nodessupported by the foundries automotive quality service. The selection of the 980nm wavelength allows VCSEL devices to comply with automotive reliability andlifetime.

④直插式连接器：由于不需要屏蔽，连接器可以更小，机械性能更坚固。该规范可在有限成本的情况下，支持由于振动和灰尘所造成较大衰减的连接。提供超过 40 米长最多 4 个直插式连接器的链接，可应用于汽车、公共汽车和卡车网络。而相对于铜缆，则只能提供速率 25 Gb/s，使用 2 个直插式连接器达最远 11 米的链接。

④Inline Connectors: As no shielding is needed,connectors are smaller and mechanically more robust. The specifications supportinline connections with large attenuations caused by vibrations and dust inimplementations limited in cost. Links of up to 4 inline connectors overmaximum 40 meters are supported, enabling the use in cars, buses,and trucks. With copper it is only possible to use 2 inlineconnectors with a maximum length of 11 meters at 25 Gb/s.

⑤温度范围：符合 AEC-Q100 grade 2 车规标准，可适应 -40 ℃ 至 105 ℃ 的 ECU 环境温度。并且也考虑到在同一印刷电路板上多个器件的散热需求，而支持高达 125 ℃ 的接面温度。

⑤Temperature range: Support is provided forimplementations qualified at AEC-Q100 grade 2, accommodating ECU ambienttemperatures ranging from -40 ºC to 105 ºC. This equivalence extends to junctiontemperatures of up to 125 ºC, considering heat dissipation from multipledevices integrated on the same PCB.

⑥成本效益：OM3 较小的光纤直径可带来显着的效益。相较于铜屏蔽双绞线，它提供低成本、小尺寸、轻量和车规级光连接器和线缆。

⑥Cost-effective: The lower diameter of the OM3fiber results in significant efficiencies. In comparison, copper-shieldeddifferential pairs (SDP), it supports low-cost, small-size, low-weight, and auto-gradeoptical connectors and cables.).

⑦能源效率：提供对高效节能以太网 (EEE) 的支持，在低流量和非对称速率场景中实现显着的节能。

⑦Energy Efficiency: Support is provided forEnergy Efficient Ethernet (EEE), delivering substantial power savings duringlow-traffic scenarios and in asymmetric rate use cases.

⑧可靠性功能：支持高级诊断、唤醒和睡眠功能，以及针对可靠性管理而嵌入于协议中的操作管理和维护通道。

⑧Dependability functions: Supportfor advance diagnosis, wake-up & sleep functions, dependability functionwith Operations Administration and Maintenance (OAM) channel embedded into theprotocol.

新标准还涉及不同的供应商和分销商，从而创建了一个完整的生态系统，支持全球汽车行业的发展；更不用说它的诞生就得到了众多主要汽车制造商的大力支持，如标致雪铁龙、丰田、宝马、福特、通用汽车和沃尔沃。

Thenew standard also involves different suppliers and distributors, which createsa complete ecosystem that supports the development of the automotive industryworldwide; not to mention that he was born withstrong support from numerous individuals affiliated with key carmakers, such asPSA, Toyota, BMW, Ford, GM, and Volvo.

关于 KDPOF

KDPOF是一家无晶圆厂半导体供应商，为汽车行业提供高速光网络解决方案。

KDPOF 于 2010 年成立于西班牙马德里，公司在信息论、DSP、模拟混合信号、光耦合和封装设计方面进行了创新。公司推广具有成本优势的技术，例如完全合格的汽车级 ASSP，将电子、光子和光学集成在单个封装中。KDPOF 目前在法国、德国、韩国、日本、美国、中国和瑞典拥有合作伙伴和同事。

欲了解更多信息，可访问：www.kdpof.com

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