瑞應凝秀:宮廷風格賞石展
Auspicious Signs for Beauty: Exhibition of Palace-style Rocks
展覽策劃:張馳、周曉旭
Exhibition Curators:Zhang Chi, Zhou Xiaoxu
開幕時間:2023年2月8日下午2點
展覽時間:2023年2月8日-25日
Exhibition Dates: February 8-February 25, 2023/Open at 2PM on February 8
展覽地址:北京市朝陽區798藝術區中二街罐子書屋
Exhibition Address:CANS Book House,798 Art District,Chaoyang District,Beijing China
中国人自古亲近山水,有“仁者乐山,智者乐水”之说。山之乐,在其势,亦在其石。石,于是成为山之象征。见石如见山,赏石如游山,此等乐趣渐渐衍生出一种美学品类——赏石。
青州石
漢白玉須彌座
Qingzhou Rock with White-marble Sumeru Base
H 170cm
1/
坐 游 山 水
心 游 萬 仞
所谓赏石,便是具有一定观赏价值的石头。文人陈赏石于案头,借其“百仞一拳”,可“千里一瞬”坐游山水;造园家叠赏石于园林,可以小见大,坐拥山水而“心游万仞”;皇家御苑内,赏石自不可少,藉由赏石,可神游云天,览江山如画。
青州石
漢白玉須彌座(明代)
Qingzhou Rock with White-marble Sumeru Base from Ming Dynasty
H 162cm
赏石之美,不可谓不大矣。赏石之趣,不可谓不多矣。赏石之内涵,不可谓不丰富矣。
青州石
Qingzhou Rock
H 170cm
2/
天 地 肌 骨
永 恆 之 美
至晚到商代,赏石文化已露端倪。《尚书·禹贡》有载,说今安徽灵璧“泗滨浮磬”,可供宴乐。秦始皇统一六国后巡游四方,将所见山石,移于深宫内院。汉武帝建上林苑,亦曾堆山叠石。唐代时,赏石因营造园林在士大夫中流行,而大量涌现。
宋 花石綱遺物 靈璧石 混沌
Song Dynasty
Relic of Hua-shi Gang
Lingbi Rock
Hundun
H 120cm
《庄子•内篇•应帝王第七》南海的帝王叫“儵],北海的帝王叫“忽”,中央的帝王叫“浑沌”。儵和忽在浑沌的地方相会,浑沌对待他们很好。儵和忽想报答浑沌,见大家都有眼耳口鼻,用来看听吃闻,浑沌没有七窍,就为他凿七窍。每天凿一窍,七天后,七窍出,而浑沌则死了。
汉代地理书《神异经》西荒经记载:“昆仑西有兽焉,其状如犬,长毛,四足,似罴而无爪,有目而不见,行不开,有两耳而不闻,有人知性,有腹无五藏,有肠直而不旋,食径过。人有德行而往抵触之,有凶德则往依凭之。”意指混沌体型似犬,长毛,四隻脚,长相像熊但没有爪子,有眼睛但无法视物,无法行走,有耳但无法听闻,有人性,有腹但无五脏,有直通不弯曲的肠子,吃东西不消化。抵触有德性的人,并亲近有凶德之人。
花石纲是中国历史上专门运送奇花异石以满足皇帝喜好的特殊运输交通名称。北宋徽宗时,“纲”意指一个运输团队,往往是十艘船称一“纲”;当时指挥花石纲的有杭州“造作局”,苏州“应奉局”等,奉皇上之命对东南地区的珍奇文物进行搜刮。
In the book Zhuangzi, its Inner Chapters tell about The Normal Course for Rulers and Kings. According to it, the Ruler of the Southern Ocean was Shu, the Ruler of the Northern Ocean was Hu, and the Ruler of the Centre was Hundun. Shu and Hu were meeting in the land of Hundun and received kind treatment from him. The two rulers then discussed about how to repay Hundun’s kindness, and said, ‘men all have seven orifices for seeing, hearing, eating and breathing, but Hundun has none. Let us bore the seven orifices for him.’ Therefore they bored one orifice in him each day, and at the end of the seventh day the seven orifices were completed and Hundun died.
In the ‘Xi-huang Jing’ chapter of the book ‘Sheng-yi Jing’ in Han Dynasty there was a record about an animal called Hundun. ‘In the north to the Kunlun Mountain there was an animal in the shape of a dog. It had long hairs and four legs, and looked like a bear but had no claws. It could not open legs, and had eyes but could not see, but could be aware if someone passed by. It had the abdomen but did not have the five internal organs. Its intestines were straight so foods went through them directly. It went against people with morals, while turned to people that brought disasters.’
The Huashi-Gang refers to the shipping units for transporting rare plants (hua) and rocks (shi) to satisfy Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty. In the time of his regime, ‘gang’ meant a shipping team that usually consisted of 10 ships. Institutions such as the Zao-zuo Bureau in Hangzhou and the Ying-Feng Bureau in Suzhou were mandatorily collecting all kinds of such rare objects in Southeast China according to orders from the emperor.
但何为赏石,怎样的石头才可跻身赏石之列,彼时并无标准。直到宋代米芾提出“相石之法”,赏石的标准才正式出现——“元章相石之法有四焉:曰秀,曰瘦,曰雅,曰透。四者虽不尽,石之美亦庶几云。”
后世文人与收藏家,虽对“赏石特点”各有己见,但总体来说无出其右,仅将“雅”改为“皱”。时至今日,赏石文化已蔚为壮观,以“色、形、质、纹”为代表的新相石之法已开始引领当代相石美学。
博山石
漢白玉瑞獸座(明代)
Boshan Rock with White-marble Base in Shape of Auspicious Animal from Ming Dynasty
H 183cm
3/
山 川 气 格
照 见 性 灵
以今人眼光来看,古人视为珍玩、供为美器的赏石,多少有些“以丑为美”之嫌疑。殊不知,古人赏石,与今人赏石不同。今人赏石,以赏石为主题,以观者为客体。而古人赏石,人与石为一,人在石中,不在石外。以大理石雕像而闻名于世的雕塑家罗丹说:“艺术所认为美的,是有特性的事物。”古人通过“赏石”这一有特性的事物,以丑见美,看到的是一种形而上的美。
太湖石
海棠盆,青石瑞獸座
Taihu Rock with Basin in Shape of Malus and Green-stone Base in Shape of Auspicous Animal
H 165cm
道家美学中的“自然无为”与儒家美学中的“天人合一”,同时影响了中国古人对于赏石的审美思想。倪瓒曾在《云林石谱》中写道:天地至精之气结而为石,虽一拳之多,而能蕴千岩之秀。可见赏石一物,在中国古人眼中,不止是一块石头,更是时间与空间、天地与自然的结晶。
洞悉此理,便能理解赏石之美。它就像一扇通往无限时间与无限空间的大门,看着它,也是看着自然宇宙、看着山川万物、看着自己的心与灵,一切都变得超然。通往永恒之美的门,不正是这样打开的吗?
來賓石(廣西)
青石須彌座(明代)
Laibin Rock from Guangxi Province, with Green-stone Sumeru Base from Ming Dynasty
H 130cm
4/
石 上 清 風
意 蘊 無 窮
正是因为这样的美,赏石一物有了无限内涵。爱石者们从不同的角度、不同的领域来阐释它、发现它。赏石也以自己内涵与魅力,滋养了爱石者们的精神修养和文化品位。
赏石学者丁文父先生在《御苑赏石》一书中,将赏石分为两大类,一类是园林赏石,一类是文人赏石。园林赏石,将自然的山与石互换,于是“不知我在丘壑,丘壑之在我也”。文人赏石,收藏它、把玩它、摩挲它,是赏石却也不只是赏石:石之奇,亦是己之奇;石之秀,亦是己之秀;石之质,亦是己之质;石之美,亦是己之美……
房山石(北京)
青石須彌座(元代)
Fangshan Rock from Beijing, with Green-stone Sumeru Base from Yuan Dynasty
H 170cm
于是,在文人这里,赏石的内涵与象征被无限扩大。以赏石入诗,“谁知片石多情甚,曾送渊明入醉乡”;以赏石入画,“竪画三寸,当千仞之高;横墨数尺,体百里之迥”;以赏石为膜拜对象的米芾抱石而眠……赏石,于文人而言,有着太多太多的感情寄寓了。
太湖石
漢白玉須彌座
Taihu Rock with White-marble Sumeru Base
H 161cm
作为自然之物,赏石是天地间的精灵,有其固有的灵气、凝重以及超然物外的韵味。自然天成赋予了它一种由内而外的意境美。所谓“道是无体之名,形是有质之称。形在道下,由道而立”,中国古人之所以爱石,大概还是因为它百无一同,每个人都能在赏石的同时看到独一无二的自己吧。
瑞應凝秀
——宮廷風格賞石展
Auspicious Signs for Beauty: Exhibition of Palace-style Rocks
展覽策劃|Exhibition Curators
張馳、周曉旭
開幕|Opening
2023/2/8 14:00
展覽時間|Exhibition Date
2023/2/8-25
地址| Venue
北京 798藝術區中二街【罐子書屋】展覽空間
開放時間|Open Time
早10:00-晚6:00
攝影|Photographer
周蘇揚
媒體支持|Cooperative Media
文人空間、栖雲文化、退藏、CANS藝術新聞
鳴謝|Acknowledgement
南薰、葛星、養石齋、盤古山房、
磬雲石房、石頭張藝術館
諮詢|Inquiry
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