老年痴呆“偏爱”这5类人，现在改还来得及

你以为只是老了记性差？大脑在给你最后的警告信号

每年9月是世界阿尔茨海默病月，2025年的主题是“早防早治，守护认知”。但很多人不知道：老年痴呆并非衰老的必然，而是可以预防甚至逆转的。

北京协和医院老年医学科主任康琳、神经科毛晨晖副主任医师、神经科高晶主任医师等权威专家多次强调：近一半的痴呆病例可以通过预防来延缓或避免。《柳叶刀》痴呆委员会2024年报告更是明确指出：无论基因如何，只要控制好可改变的风险因素，都能降低痴呆风险。

那么，哪些人最容易被老年痴呆“盯上”？协和专家给出了这份高危人群画像与预防清单。

第一类：“三高”控不好的人——血管就是大脑的生命线

高危指数：★★★★★

“高血压、糖尿病、高血脂是痴呆的‘加速器’。”北京协和医院神经科主任医师高晶直言。中年人如果血压收缩压超过160mmHg且未治疗，未来发生阿尔茨海默病的风险是血压正常者的5倍；中年肥胖者（BMI＞30）风险上升3倍。

协和专家预防清单：

血压要控制在130/80mmHg以下。别等头晕了才吃药，也别因为“没感觉”就擅自停药。

血糖不能过高，也不能过低。有人为了减肥把血糖降得太低，反而会损伤认知功能。

降血脂药不要盲目停。虽然曾有“他汀伤脑”的传言，但现在更多研究证实，降血脂药对防止认知功能减退是有好处的。

第二类：听力视力受损不矫正的人——五官是大脑的“传感器”

高危指数：★★★★☆

“很多老年人觉得年纪大了听力不好是正常的，用不着治疗——这是非常大的误区。”高晶主任特别强调，听力下降是痴呆的独立风险因素，而矫正听力对维持认知功能极其重要。

协和专家预防清单：

一旦发现听力有问题，积极配戴助听器。这不是“丢面子”的事，而是给大脑续费的救命设备。

保护视力同样重要。2024年《柳叶刀》最新报告已将视力受损新增为痴呆危险因素。定期查眼底，白内障及时手术。

第三类：独居、不爱社交的人——孤独让大脑加速老化

高危指数：★★★★☆

人是群居动物，但现代生活让很多老人“在家就能完成一切”——网购、点外卖、刷视频。高晶主任直言：这非常不好。太安静的环境对认知功能是种伤害。

台湾大学附属医院的研究显示：孤独的人，罹患阿兹海默症的风险增加2倍以上，认知功能退步速度也明显更快。

协和专家预防清单：

喝咖啡去咖啡馆，看电影去电影院。不是为了消费，而是让大脑接受不同信息的刺激。

世界卫生组织把“社交处方”纳入治疗方案。秋高气爽，别闷在家里，多出去走走，跟亲友聊聊天。

情感要及时表达。无论是关心、爱护，还是愤怒、悲伤，别憋在心里。和爱人拍拍背、拉拉手、拥抱一下——这些爱抚动作对大脑是极好的滋养。

第四类：生活单调、从不“动脑”的人——大脑不用就会生锈

高危指数：★★★☆☆

“55岁退休，如果只是在家吃饭睡觉看电视，认知功能会退化得很快。”高晶主任呼吁大力发展中老年人的继续教育。学的东西可以“没用”，但学习的过程本身就是防痴呆的药。

协和专家预防清单：

活到老，学到老。这不是口号，是处方。青少年时期的教育很重要，中老年时期的学习同样能保护认知储备。

培养需要动手能力的爱好。弹琴、敲键盘、捡豆子——手部运动能有效刺激区域脑血流量。

协和康琳主任特别推荐快走、慢跑、太极拳、八段锦，这些躯体功能锻炼不仅能强肌，还能健脑。

第五类：有脑外伤史或长期睡眠不足的人——大脑也需要“物理防护”

高危指数：★★★☆☆

严重头部外伤是阿尔茨海默病的明确危险因子。研究显示，脑部曾经受到重创的人，罹患阿尔茨海默病的风险是普通人的4倍以上。

协和专家预防清单：

骑摩托车、进行接触性运动时，务必佩戴头盔。这不是小题大做。

每天保证7小时以上的连续有效睡眠。昼短夜长时，很多老人生物钟紊乱，减少熬夜，让大脑能“休养生息”。

附：协和专家的脑健康自测清单

如果家里老人出现以下情况，不是“老糊涂”，是病，得治：

✅ 近事遗忘——刚做的事不记得，几十年前的事记得清
✅ 一句话反复说，一个问题反复问
✅ 经常找不到东西，或不认识路，不会算账
✅ 话到嘴边说不出来，指着苹果说钥匙
✅ 性格突变——大方的人变得吝啬，节俭的人变得浪费
✅ 不会做以前会做的事——不会做饭、不会打太极、不会穿衣服

2026年，为自己存点“脑本”

研究表明，从儿童时期的教育，到中年的血压管理，再到老年的社交活动——大脑健康是一生累积的结果。

预防永远不晚。即便已年过七旬，改善生活方式、纠正风险因素，仍然能降低痴呆的发生概率。

这五类高危人群里，有你吗？有你家里的老人吗？

从今天开始，管好血压、戴上助听器、走出家门、学点新东西——大脑不会辜负每一个认真对待它的人。你以为只是老了记性差？大脑在给你最后的警告信号

每年9月是世界阿尔茨海默病月，2025年的主题是“早防早治，守护认知”。但很多人不知道：老年痴呆并非衰老的必然，而是可以预防甚至逆转的。

北京协和医院老年医学科主任康琳、神经科毛晨晖副主任医师、神经科高晶主任医师等权威专家多次强调：近一半的痴呆病例可以通过预防来延缓或避免。《柳叶刀》痴呆委员会2024年报告更是明确指出：无论基因如何，只要控制好可改变的风险因素，都能降低痴呆风险。

那么，哪些人最容易被老年痴呆“盯上”？协和专家给出了这份高危人群画像与预防清单。

第一类：“三高”控不好的人——血管就是大脑的生命线

高危指数：★★★★★

“高血压、糖尿病、高血脂是痴呆的‘加速器’。”北京协和医院神经科主任医师高晶直言。中年人如果血压收缩压超过160mmHg且未治疗，未来发生阿尔茨海默病的风险是血压正常者的5倍；中年肥胖者（BMI＞30）风险上升3倍。

协和专家预防清单：

血压要控制在130/80mmHg以下。别等头晕了才吃药，也别因为“没感觉”就擅自停药。

血糖不能过高，也不能过低。有人为了减肥把血糖降得太低，反而会损伤认知功能。

降血脂药不要盲目停。虽然曾有“他汀伤脑”的传言，但现在更多研究证实，降血脂药对防止认知功能减退是有好处的。

第二类：听力视力受损不矫正的人——五官是大脑的“传感器”

高危指数：★★★★☆

“很多老年人觉得年纪大了听力不好是正常的，用不着治疗——这是非常大的误区。”高晶主任特别强调，听力下降是痴呆的独立风险因素，而矫正听力对维持认知功能极其重要。

协和专家预防清单：

一旦发现听力有问题，积极配戴助听器。这不是“丢面子”的事，而是给大脑续费的救命设备。

保护视力同样重要。2024年《柳叶刀》最新报告已将视力受损新增为痴呆危险因素。定期查眼底，白内障及时手术。

第三类：独居、不爱社交的人——孤独让大脑加速老化

高危指数：★★★★☆

人是群居动物，但现代生活让很多老人“在家就能完成一切”——网购、点外卖、刷视频。高晶主任直言：这非常不好。太安静的环境对认知功能是种伤害。

台湾大学附属医院的研究显示：孤独的人，罹患阿兹海默症的风险增加2倍以上，认知功能退步速度也明显更快。

协和专家预防清单：

喝咖啡去咖啡馆，看电影去电影院。不是为了消费，而是让大脑接受不同信息的刺激。

世界卫生组织把“社交处方”纳入治疗方案。秋高气爽，别闷在家里，多出去走走，跟亲友聊聊天。

情感要及时表达。无论是关心、爱护，还是愤怒、悲伤，别憋在心里。和爱人拍拍背、拉拉手、拥抱一下——这些爱抚动作对大脑是极好的滋养。

第四类：生活单调、从不“动脑”的人——大脑不用就会生锈

高危指数：★★★☆☆

“55岁退休，如果只是在家吃饭睡觉看电视，认知功能会退化得很快。”高晶主任呼吁大力发展中老年人的继续教育。学的东西可以“没用”，但学习的过程本身就是防痴呆的药。

协和专家预防清单：

活到老，学到老。这不是口号，是处方。青少年时期的教育很重要，中老年时期的学习同样能保护认知储备。

培养需要动手能力的爱好。弹琴、敲键盘、捡豆子——手部运动能有效刺激区域脑血流量。

协和康琳主任特别推荐快走、慢跑、太极拳、八段锦，这些躯体功能锻炼不仅能强肌，还能健脑。

第五类：有脑外伤史或长期睡眠不足的人——大脑也需要“物理防护”

高危指数：★★★☆☆

严重头部外伤是阿尔茨海默病的明确危险因子。研究显示，脑部曾经受到重创的人，罹患阿尔茨海默病的风险是普通人的4倍以上。

协和专家预防清单：

骑摩托车、进行接触性运动时，务必佩戴头盔。这不是小题大做。

每天保证7小时以上的连续有效睡眠。昼短夜长时，很多老人生物钟紊乱，减少熬夜，让大脑能“休养生息”。

附：协和专家的脑健康自测清单

如果家里老人出现以下情况，不是“老糊涂”，是病，得治：

✅ 近事遗忘——刚做的事不记得，几十年前的事记得清
✅ 一句话反复说，一个问题反复问
✅ 经常找不到东西，或不认识路，不会算账
✅ 话到嘴边说不出来，指着苹果说钥匙
✅ 性格突变——大方的人变得吝啬，节俭的人变得浪费
✅ 不会做以前会做的事——不会做饭、不会打太极、不会穿衣服

2026年，为自己存点“脑本”

研究表明，从儿童时期的教育，到中年的血压管理，再到老年的社交活动——大脑健康是一生累积的结果。

预防永远不晚。即便已年过七旬，改善生活方式、纠正风险因素，仍然能降低痴呆的发生概率。

这五类高危人群里，有你吗？有你家里的老人吗？

从今天开始，管好血压、戴上助听器、走出家门、学点新东西——大脑不会辜负每一个认真对待它的人。

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https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160599
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160253
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161020
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161579
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161977
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160534
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161013
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11162120
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160250
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160083
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160114
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161442
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161183
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161914
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161875
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160157
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161088
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161462
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161417
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160580
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161067
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161896
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161014
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160342
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160583
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161697
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11162029
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11162141
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160758
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161642
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160547
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160985
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160310
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161566
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161575
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160531
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161142
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161999
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160994
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160543
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160219
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160263
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11162038
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160094
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161074
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160784
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160652
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161170
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160555
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160280
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161003
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160269
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161427
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160171
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160607
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160227
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160240
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160603
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161455
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161699
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161692
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161189
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161694
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160168
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161497
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160666
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161104
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161436
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161393
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161556
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160612
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160239
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160179
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161414
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11162067
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160605
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160537
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161438
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161424
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161443
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161055
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160276
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161458
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160548
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11160152
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11162086
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161016
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161656
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161084
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161635
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161451
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161077
https://avg.163.com/topic/detail/11161473