N-Ethylmaleimide(NEM,AbMole,M9353)是一种常用的烷基化试剂,主要通过修饰蛋白质中的半胱氨酸残基(-SH基团)来影响其功能。这种修饰可逆或不可逆地改变蛋白质构象和活性,从而在细胞信号传导、膜融合、离子转运和氧化应激等过程中发挥关键作用。
NEM(N-乙基马来酰亚胺)在科研中广泛应用于生物化学和细胞生物学实验,尤其在研究蛋白质相互作用、酶活性和膜动力学方面。N-Ethylmaleimide(CAS No.:128-53-0)能够影响多种细胞过程,例如N-Ethylmaleimide能够抑制ATP酶N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor(NSF)的活性,NSF负责解离Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor(SNARE)复合物,该复合物能介导囊泡融合和神经递质释放。而N-Ethylmaleimide通过烷基化NSF的关键半胱氨酸残基,阻止SNARE复合物的回收,从而抑制膜融合事件(如神经递质释放)[1]。
在突触研究中,细胞经浓度为50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 μM的N-Ethylmaleimide处理后,可维持囊泡在释放状态[2]。N-Ethylmaleimide(NEM,AbMole,M9353)还可抑制转运蛋白的功能,也是科研中常用到的蛋白转运抑制剂,可靶向特定转运蛋白的半胱氨酸位点。在植物研究中,300 μM的NEM可抑制蔗糖(SUC)转运蛋白,干扰糖信号通路,影响细胞耐热性和氧化还原平衡[3]。类似地,在红细胞中,N-Ethylmaleimide能刺激K-Cl共转运机制,通过修饰转运蛋白的巯基,调节离子平衡和细胞体积[4]。NEM还可作为激动剂激活瞬时受体电位通道(如TRPA1)。N-Ethylmaleimide以30 μM的浓度在HEK293细胞中,通过烷基化TRPA1通道的C621半胱氨酸残基,诱导钙离子内流和离子通道开放,这一过程依赖于钙信号传导[5]。N-Ethylmaleimide还可用于硫醇定量分析:NEM在生化分析中用于标记和定量自由硫醇基团,然后结合质谱技术,可精确测量蛋白质中游离半胱氨酸的丰度[6]。在动物模型研究中,N-Ethylmaleimide常用于研究神经系统,包括痛觉传递、神经损伤和动物睡眠,例如N-Ethylmaleimide以1 mg/kg的剂量通过腹腔注射能显著改善小鼠的睡眠[7]。
参考文献及鸣谢
[1] Hayashi, T.; Yano, N.; Kora, K.; et al. Involvement of mTOR pathway in neurodegeneration in NSF-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Human molecular genetics 2023, 32 (10), 1683-1697.
[2] He, E.; Wierda, K.; van Westen, R.; et al. Munc13-1 and Munc18-1 together prevent NSF-dependent de-priming of synaptic vesicles. Nature communications 2017, 8, 15915.
[3] Li, X. E.; Zhou, H. D.; Li, Z. G. Metabolic and Functional Interactions of H(2)S and Sucrose in Maize Thermotolerance through Redox Homeodynamics. International journal of molecular sciences 2024, 25 (12).
[4] Garneau, A. P.; Slimani, S.; Tremblay, L. E.; et al. K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (KCC1): a housekeeping membrane protein that plays key supplemental roles in hematopoietic and cancer cells. Journal of hematology & oncology 2019, 12 (1), 74.
[5] Parks, T. A.; Bahia, P. K.; Taylor-Clark, T. E. Functional evidence of distinct electrophile-induced activation states of the ion channel TRPA1. Biochemistry and biophysics reports 2021, 27, 101044.
[6] Robotham, A. C.; Kelly, J. F. Detection and quantification of free sulfhydryls in monoclonal antibodies using maleimide labeling and mass spectrometry. mAbs 2019, 11 (4), 757-766.
[7] Zhu, S.; Shi, J.; Zhang, Y.; et al. Combination administration of alprazolam and N-Ethylmaleimide synergistically enhances sleep behaviors in mice with no potential CNS side effects. 2024, 12, e17342.
特别声明:以上内容(如有图片或视频亦包括在内)为自媒体平台“网易号”用户上传并发布,本平台仅提供信息存储服务。
Notice: The content above (including the pictures and videos if any) is uploaded and posted by a user of NetEase Hao, which is a social media platform and only provides information storage services.