癌症中的中性粒细胞：从生物学到治疗

癌症中的中性粒细胞：从生物学到治疗

Neutrophils in cancer: from biology to therapy

作者:Leo Koenderman, Nienke Vrisekoop

期刊:Cellular & Molecular Immunology

摘要

中性粒细胞的观点已从仅是吞噬细胞、其主要功能是杀死病原体，转变为极其复杂的细胞，也参与免疫调节和组织修复。这些细胞对于维持和恢复组织稳态至关重要。中性粒细胞在多种情形中可以被看作是双刃剑。用于免疫应对病原体的强大杀伤机制，若控制不当，容易造成宿主组织的附带损伤。此外，一些亚型的中性粒细胞是强效的病原体杀手，而另一些则具有免疫抑制作用或有助于组织愈合。最后，在肿瘤免疫学中，中性粒细胞的促肿瘤和抗肿瘤作用已有许多实例。这对癌症治疗具有重要意义，因为靶向中性粒细胞既可能抑制也可能刺激抗肿瘤反应。本文将讨论当前关于中性粒细胞促肿瘤和抗肿瘤作用的研究进展，揭示中性粒细胞驱动的促/抗肿瘤反应的复杂状态。

Abstract

The view of neutrophils has shifted from simple phagocytic cells, whose main function is to kill pathogens, to very complex cells that are also involved in immune regulation and tissue repair. These cells are essential for maintaining and regaining tissue homeostasis. Neutrophils can be viewed as double-edged swords in a range of situations. The potent killing machinery necessary for immune responses to pathogens can easily lead to collateral damage to host tissues when inappropriately controlled. Furthermore, some subtypes of neutrophils are potent pathogen killers, whereas others are immunosuppressive or can aid in tissue healing. Finally, in tumor immunology, many examples of both protumorigenic and antitumorigenic properties of neutrophils have been described. This has important consequences for cancer therapy, as targeting neutrophils can lead to either suppressed or stimulated antitumor responses. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the pro- and antitumorigenic roles of neutrophils, leading to the concept of a confused state of neutrophil-driven pro-/antitumor responses.

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