J. Future Foods | 鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞培养优化及鸽肉营养评价

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Introduction

生物培育肉在环境可持续性方面具有显著优势，能够减少传统畜牧业带来的温室气体排放、土地和水资源消耗。随着科技的飞速发展，生物培育肉正逐渐成为食品行业的一大热点，并有望在未来几年内逐步实现商业化，并成为健康、安全、环保的肉类替代品。牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉是目前生物培育肉的主要研究对象。随着海鲜资源的过度捕捞和环境污染问题，鱼肉在生培育肉研究中也受到越来越多的关注。鸽肉富含丰富的蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和不饱和脂肪酸，是一种营养价值极高的肉类选择。鸽肉不仅有助于维持身体健康，还能提供所需的能量和营养素，是一种理想的健康食品，但鸽源培育肉却甚少提及。

本研究旨优化了鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的解离和纯化方法，成功分离出高纯度的鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞。同时，研究还探索了细胞增殖和多向分化的培养条件，最后探讨了鸽源培育肉中所富含的营养成分。

Introduction

鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离和纯化

如图1A所示，鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞以纺锤状方式附着和生长。当汇合度达到70%以上时，可以传代或冷冻保存细胞。通过组织块贴壁法和差速贴壁法，可以高效地获取纯度高达97.6%的鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞（图1C、D）。

A.接种后的显微图像；B. Pax7免疫荧光染色；C～D.流式细胞术分选结果。

图1采用组织块贴壁法和差异贴壁分离法获得的鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞形态分离与鉴定结果

细胞增殖结果

不同培养基组成中的细胞形态如图2所示。

图2 培养基成分对鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞形态的影响

通过细胞凋亡和细胞周期实验发现，Ⅴ组培养基更适合鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖（图3、4）。

图3 培养基成分对鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞增殖的影响

图4 培养基成分对鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞存活率的影响

成肌分化结果

由图5可知，通过MYHC免疫荧光染色和分子实验证明，高浓度胎牛血清的加入可以促进鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的成肌分化，Ⅱ组培养基最优。

图5鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的成肌分化结果

蛋白质组学分析结果

由图6可知示，分别有54 种蛋白质上调，86 种蛋白质下调。此外，通过蛋白质组学分析，鉴定出了140 种主要的异常蛋白质和648 种成肌分化样本中的蛋白质，包括12 种胶原蛋白、15 种肌球蛋白和7 种肌动蛋白等。

图6 肌源性分化过程中鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的差异蛋白热图

鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞分化为脂肪细胞

如图7所示，培养3 d后，III组和VI组培养的细胞形态学发生明显变化，由纺锤形转变为圆形，并积累小脂滴。此外，VI组的分化效率优于III组。如图7E所示，脂滴分布在细胞核周围。

图7鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的脂肪分化

脂质分化前后的脂质组学分析

脂质组学分析鉴定出了73 种主要的异常脂质和297 种脂肪生成分化后的脂质，包括102 种三酰甘油（TG）、52 种二酰甘油（DG）和59 种磷脂酰胆碱（PC）等。

图8 促脂分化过程中鸽骨骼肌卫星细胞的差异脂质热图

Conclusion

本研究不仅优化了鸽子肌肉卫星细胞的培养条件，还首次通过蛋白质组学和脂质组学详细说明了鸽源培育肉的营养成分。这些发现为未来的生物培育肉研究和开发提供了重要的基础数据和技术支持。

Cultural optimization of pigeon muscle satellite cells and nutritional evaluation of the pigeon-derived cultivated meat

Shengyan Dongab, Jiaxuan Chenab, Shilei Lib*, Yingying Lib, Xiaojuan Liangb, Yisen Liub, Mingyue Zhangb, Feng Yangb, Rongjuan Fengc, Jun Lianga*

a

State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China

b

China Meat Food Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, China

b

Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

*Corresponding authors.

Abstract

This work aims to study the cultural conditions of pigeon muscle satellite cells and illustrate the nutritional composition of the pigeon-derived cultivated meat. Methods for cell disaggregation and purification were optimized, high-purity pigeon skeletal muscle satellite cells were successfully isolated. Meanwhile, the cultivation conditions for cell proliferation and multi-directional differentiation were optimized. Results demonstrated that pigeon muscle satellite cells exhibited rapid proliferation and spontaneous differentiation at 41 °C, McCoy's 5A was significantly superior to other cultural mediums for cell growth, DMEM with high glucose promote myogenic differentiation of pigeon skeletal muscle satellite cells and chicken serum can play important role in inducing the pigeon muscle satellite cells into adipocytes. Additionally, increasing the concentration of serum in medium has a positive promoting effect on the respective effects. Nutritional composition and biomarkers of the pigeon-derived cultivated meat was first illustrated in this work by proteomics and lipidomics, respectively. Proteomics revealed that 140 proteins were identified as major aberrant proteins and 648 proteins were identified from the after myogenic differentiation samples, including 12 collagens, 15 myosins, 7 actins, etc. Lipidomics revealed that 73 lipids were identified as major aberrant lipids and 297 lipids were identified from the after lipidogenic differentiation, including 102 triglycerides, 52 diacylglycerols, 59 phosphatidyl cholines, etc.

Reference:

DONG S Y, CHEN J X, LI S L,, et al. Cultural optimization of pigeon muscle satellite cells and nutritional evaluation of the pigeon-derived cultivated meat[J]. Journal of Future Foods, 2026, 6(2): 251-265. DOI:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2024.05.014.

文章翻译由作者团队提供

编辑：龚艺；责任编辑：梁安琪

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