《钻采工艺》：超深层油气钻完井关键技术双语文章推荐

超深层油气资源开发是践行国家 “四深” 探测计划的核心任务，更是推动我国能源战略接替、保障国家能源安全的关键举措 —— 其不仅能为经济发展提供稳定能源支撑，更对突破油气工程技术制高点、实现石油科技高水平自立自强具有重要意义。当前，钻达万米级超深层面临诸多技术瓶颈：从超大吨位钻具提升、极限深度井身结构拓展，到超深地层高效破岩提速、超高温高压井下工具适配，每一项突破都需攻克复杂地质与工程难题。

近年来，中国石油、中国石化等企业及塔里木油田、四川盆地等重点勘探区域持续发力，在 12000m 自动化钻机、P110 钢级膨胀管、抗 260℃油基钻井液、地质工程一体化设计等关键领域取得阶段性成果，逐步构建 “打成、打快、打好” 的超深层钻井技术体系。本期精选 5 篇双语文章，聚焦万米超深层油气钻完井技术挑战与展望、四川盆地 / 塔里木油田超深井钻井核心技术、深地勘探钻井技术现状与发展方向等核心议题，系统呈现超深层油气钻井领域的技术突破与攻关重点，邀您一同深入探索深地油气开发的科技奥秘。

精选文章·Selected Articles

01

万米超深层油气钻完井关键技术面临挑战与发展展望

Challenges and Development Prospects of Oil and Gas Drilling and Completion in Myriametric Deep Formation in China

摘要： 万米超深层油气科学探索是践行国家“四深”探测计划的重要任务，也是推动实现我国能源战略接替、保障国家能源安全的重要举措。现有钻井工程技术对于实现钻达万米超深层的地质目标，存在众多瓶颈难题，包括：超大吨位钻具提升、极限深度井身结构拓展、超深特深层高效破岩提速、多因素耦合井壁稳定控制、耐超高温高压井下工具等，亟需在12 000 m自动化钻机、P110钢级膨胀管、减振增能工具、超高温高压井壁稳定与钻井液降摩阻技术、耐高温螺杆、机械式随钻测斜仪等关键核心攻关突破。因此中国石油深入开展研究，并在2023年启动了两口万米深地科探井任务，进一步加速相关技术研发进程，取得阶段性成果，正逐步形成“打成、打快、打好”万米超深层油气钻井技术体系，助力我国早日实现油气工程技术制高点、石油科技高水平自立自强。

【Abstract】It is one of the important tasks for the national Four-Deep exploration plan to conduct scientific exploration of ultra deep oil and gas at myriametric deep, as well as an important measure to promote the strategic replacement of China’s energy and ensure national energy security. The available drilling engineering technology can hardly achieve the geological goal of drilling up to 10,000 meters deep, and there are many bottleneck problems, including lifting of ultra large tonnage drilling tools, expansion of extreme-deep wellbore structure, efficient rock breaking and ROP optimization in ultra deep & ultra-deep layers, multi-factor coupling control of wellbore stability, and downhole tools resistant to high temperature & high pressure. There is an urgent need to make breakthroughs in the key core technologies, such as 12,000-meter automated drilling rigs, P110 steel grade expansion pipes, vibration reduction and energy enhancement tools, ultra-high temperature and high-pressure wellbore stability and drilling fluid friction reduction technology, screws resistant to high-temperature, and mechanical inclinometers while drilling. Therefore, CNPC has conducted in-depth research and started two exploration wells over 10,000 meters depth in 2023, thereby further accelerating the R&D process of related technologies and achieve phased achievement. A 10,000-meter ultra deep oil and gas drilling technology system is gradually forming featured by successful drilling, fast drilling and high-quality drilling, helping China achieve the commanding height of oil and gas engineering technology and high-level self-reliance and self-reliance in petroleum technology as soon as possible.

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02

四川盆地超深井钻井关键技术及发展方向

Key Technologies and Development Directions of Ultra-deep Well Drilling in Western Sichuan

摘要：四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气资源丰富，但构造地层条件复杂，井筒环境苛刻。近年来，盆地深井超深井钻井关键技术的形成，支撑了油气的增储上产，为特深层油气资源勘探开发奠定了技术基础。特深层油气资源的开发需持续开展地质工程一体化设计技术攻关，通过精细刻画复杂地质体建立三维地质力学模型，指导井身结构和井眼轨道设计，同时开展基于膨胀管、随钻扩眼技术的井身结构拓展研究，并通过岩石可钻性剖面指导钻头及提速工具设计。针对深井超深井井口溢流异常监测识别滞后及钻柱振动剧烈的问题，持续研发基于大数据分析的复杂防控技术。深入开展适用于超高温超高压环境的工具、钻井液研发，研发攻关110钢级及以上膨胀管管材、抗220℃的高密度水基钻井液、抗260℃的油基钻井液体系、抗温240℃以上的水泥浆体系、高性能固井材料以及抗高温堵漏材料。同时，应紧密结合物联网、新型通信、大数据等智能技术，实现钻井全过程运算分析及管理。

【Abstract】Marine carbonate rocks in Sichuan Basin are rich in oil and gas resources, but the structural stratigraphic conditions are complex and the wellbore environment is harsh. In recent years, the key technologies for deep and ultra-deep well drilling in Sichuan basin has supported the increase of oil and gas reserves and production, and laid a technical foundation for the exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and gas resources. The research on integrated design technology of geology and engineering is worth carrying out for development of ultra-deep oil and gas resources: including establishment of three-dimensional geomechanical model through the fine depiction of complex geological bodies for guiding the design of wellbore structure and wellbore track, research of wellbore structure expansion based on expansion tube and reaming while drilling, and guiding the design of drill bits and ROP optimization tools through rock drillability profiles. In view of the problems of delayed abnormal monitoring and identification of wellhead overflow and severe vibration of drill strings in deep and ultra-deep wells, it is required to continue to develop complexity prevention and control technologies based on big data analysis. And further research and development is still being performed such as expansion pipes, high-density water-based drilling fluids resistant to 220 ℃, oil-based drilling fluid systems resistant to 260 ℃, cement slurry systems with temperature resistance of more than 240 ℃, high-performance cementing materials and high-temperature plugging materials. At the same time, intelligent technologies such as the Internet of Things, new communications, and big data should be closely combined to realize the operation, analysis and management of the whole process of drilling.

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03

塔里木油田超深层钻井技术进展及难题探讨

Progress and Obstacles of Ultra-deep Drilling Technology in Tarim Oilfield

摘要：当前，塔里木油田以超深特深层为代表的深地油气资源开发对满足我国经济发展需求和保障能源安全至关重要。经过数十年的探索和实践，塔里木油田创新形成了超深复杂井井身结构设计、超深难钻地层钻井提速、超深大斜度井水平井钻井、超深复杂地层钻完井液、超深复杂地层固井、高温高压井完整性、超深复杂井井控等一系列超深层钻井技术，保障深地油气勘探获得重大突破并创造多项纪录。伴随超深井数量持续增加，工程地质条件更加复杂，井下环境更加苛刻，超深层钻井过程势必面临新的工程难题和挑战，严重制约深地油气资源安全高效开发。为此，通过概括塔里木油田钻井工程技术发展历程，系统梳理了深地钻井工程技术取得的主要技术进展，并结合新的勘探开发形势与油气开发要求，指出了塔里木油田钻井工程技术从超深层迈入特深层新时期的焦点问题及攻关发展方向，为国内外深地复杂油气井安全高效钻进提供借鉴和参考。

【Abstract】Currently, the development of ultra-deep/extra-deep layers oil & gas resources in Tarim Oilfield is crucial for meeting Chinese economic development needs and ensuring energy security. After decades of exploration and practice, Tarim Oilfield has innovatively developed a series of ultra deep drilling technologies to ensure significant breakthroughs in ultra deep oil & gas exploration and creating multiple records, including well structure design methodology of ultra-deep complex wells, ROP optimization in ultra-deep and hard-to-drill formations, drilling technology of ultra-deep highly deviated and horizontal wells, drilling & completion fluids of ultra-deep complex wells, ultra-deep complex formation cementing technology, HTHP well integrity, and well control technology of ultra-deep complex wells et al. With the continuous increase in the number of ultra-deep wells, the more complex engineering geological conditions and the more harsh downhole environment, the ultra-deep drilling process is bound to face new engineering problems and challenges, which seriously restricts the safe and efficient development of deep oil & gas resources. Therefore, the key problems and development directions of drilling technology from ultra-deep to extra-deep in the Tarim Oilfield are pointed out by summarizing the development process of drilling technology in Tarim Oilfield and combining the new exploration and development situation and oil and gas development requirements, which may provide reference and guidance for safety and efficient drilling of ultra deep-complex oil & gas wells.

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04

深地勘探钻井技术现状及发展思考

Current situation and development of deep exploration key drilling technology

摘要： 中国深地油气资源丰富，随着油气勘探开发的进一步发展，深地领域将是中国未来油气勘探开发的主要发展方向，对保障国家能源安全具有重要的战略意义。文章通过调研国内外深地勘探钻井的发展现状，分析总结了深地勘探钻井技术中的关键技术——井身结构设计、高效破岩、钻井提速、抗高温高压测控工具、耐高温钻完井液、井筒压力精细控制、复杂故障防控、高温固井、钻井装备等在深地勘探钻井中的发展状况，并在此基础上提出了未来深地勘探钻井中有待继续攻关完善上部大尺寸井眼的钻井、多压力系统安全钻进、抗超高温井筒工作液以及抗高温高压随钻测量工具等关键技术及装备，并指明在地质工程协同发展基础上，大尺寸井眼提速、多压力系统安全钻井、高温井筒工作液、高温高压随钻测量和井下工具、完井试油技术和装备发展等关键技术及装备的攻关思路，期望为中国深井超深井钻完井技术的发展提供参考借鉴。

【Abstract】The deep formation will be one of the main development directions of China′s oil and gas exploration and development with the further development of oil and gas exploration and development, which has important strategic significance for ensuring national energy security. Investigating the development status of deep formation exploration at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the development of key drilling technologies in deep formation, such as casing program design, efficient rock breaking, ROP optimization, HTHP measure and control tools, HT drilling and completion fluid, wellbore pressure control, complex downhole conditions and problems prevention, HT cementing and drilling equipment. It summarizes the key technologies to be improved in the future deep formation drilling, such as drilling of the upper large-size wellbore, safe drilling with multi-pressure systems, ultra-high pressure wellbore working fluid and ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure measurement while drilling. On the basis of the coordinated development of geological engineering, the research ideas for large size wellbore ROP optimization, safe drilling with multi-pressure system, ultra-high temperature resistant wellbore working fluid, ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure measurement-while-drilling and downhole tools, completion and oil testing technology and equipment development are proposed, which is expected to provide reference for the development of drilling and completion technology for deep and ultra-deep wells in China.

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05

中国石化超深层钻完井关键技术挑战及展望

Key Technical Challenges and Prospects of Drilling and Completion in Ultra-deep Reservoirs, Sinopec

摘要：超深层是中国石化油气勘探开发的重要增储上产领域。针对超深层勘探开发需求和高温高压及复杂地质环境带来的工程挑战，中国石化持续开展关键技术攻关，在钻完井基础理论和方法、钻完井装备、高温井筒工作液、耐高温井下工具仪器和完井测试等方面取得关键技术进展，保障了120口超8 000 m油气井的安全钻探，钻深能力突破9 000 m,助推塔里木盆地顺北大型超深油气田建设、四川盆地海相特深层油气勘探开发突破，为保障超深层油气勘探开发提供了有力的工程技术支撑。随着油气勘探开发不断向更深层推进，技术升级转型需求日益迫切，需进一步夯实理论研究基础，突破耐高温关键工具仪器和井筒工作液，加快推进钻完井工程技术向数智化转型，为保障深层、超深层油气高效勘探开发和加快技术升级转型提供工程技术支撑。

【Abstract】Ultra-deep stratum is key field for increasing reserves and production of Sinopec, which is technically difficult and challenging. In recent years, Sinopec has been continuously tackling difficulties related to the exploration and development demands of ultra-deep stratum in key blocks, the high-temperature and high-pressure environment as well as complex geological conditions, etc. Breakthroughs have been made in key technologies for ultra-deep drilling and completion, forming a set of key technologies with fundamental theories of drilling and completion engineering, automated drilling and completion equipment, high-temperature-resistant drilling and completion fluids, high-temperature-resistant instruments and tools, as well as completion and testing technologies, etc. as the core. The drilling of 120 oil and gas wells with the depth of more than 8 000 m has been successfully implemented, with the drilling capability of ultra-deep well exceeding 9 000 m. This has boosted the construction of large-scale ultra-deep oil and gas fields in Shunbei, Tarim Basin, and the breakthroughs in exploration and development of ultra-deep oil and gas in the marine strata of the Sichuan Basin. Besides, this has provided strong engineering technical support for the development of oil and gas resources and its corresponding economic efficiency. As oil and gas exploration and development continue to advance, engineering geologic risks and new challenges faced during drilling and completion process continue to emerge. Further research which are related to accurate prediction of formation pressure, wellbore trajectory control, high-temperature resistant working fluid system, high efficiency rock-breaking and drilling speed-up tools, geo-engineering integration, etc. need to be carried out to realize the continuous upgrading of key drilling technologies and equipment to support the efficient exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas resources.

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期刊推荐·Recommend Journal

《钻采工艺》创刊于1978年，双月刊，是由中国石油天然气集团有限公司主管，四川石油管理局有限公司、中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司主办的石油、天然气工业类科技期刊，是全国较早的石油学术期刊之一。《钻采工艺》期刊始终秉承“追踪科技前沿、紧贴生产一线”的办刊理念，及时报道国内外石油天然气钻井、开采、机械、油化等领域的最新工艺、研究成果、科研动态、现场经验及钻采科技新动向。

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