专家评论一：行业专家坚决支持修改《国际海运条例》反制条款 | 航运界

中国船东协会专家评论文章一：

行业专家坚决支持修改《国际海运条例》反制条款

2025年9月12日，国务院常务会议通过了《国务院关于修改〈中华人民共和国国际海运条例〉的决定》，将《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》第四十六条修改为：“与中华人民共和国缔结或者共同参加国际海运相关条约、协定的国家或者地区，违反条约、协定的规定，使中华人民共和国根据该条约、协定享有的利益丧失或者受损，或者阻碍条约、协定目标实现的，中华人民共和国政府有权要求有关国家或者地区政府终止上述行为，采取适当的补救措施，并可以根据有关条约、协定中止或者终止履行相关义务。任何国家或者地区对中华人民共和国国际海上运输及其辅助性业务的经营者、船舶或者船员采取或者协助、支持采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，除有关条约、协定能够提供充分有效的救济外，中华人民共和国政府根据实际情况采取必要的反制措施，包括但不限于向靠泊中国港口的该国家或者地区的船舶收取特别费用，禁止或者限制该国家或者地区的船舶进出中国港口，禁止或者限制该国家或者地区的组织和个人获取中国国际海上运输相关数据、信息以及经营进出中国港口的国际海上运输及其辅助性业务。”这一修改，标志着《国际海运条例》的反制条款更加完善，反击外国对我海运行业歧视性措施的法律武器更为有力，维护国家海运安全与发展的能力更加彰显，为回击美国霸权行径、维护国际航运公平竞争秩序提供了坚实的法律支撑。

2024年4月17日，美国贸易代表办公室发起对中国海事、物流和造船业的301调查。2025年4月17日，美方公布了301调查最终措施，对中国船东和运营商以及使用中国建造船舶的运营商提供的海运服务征收歧视性港口服务费，并将于10月14日正式征收。美301调查公然违背世界贸易组织倡导的非歧视原则，严重破坏国际海运市场秩序，不仅严重侵害中国航运企业的经营发展利益，也极大损害包括美国在内的各国贸易商乃至最终消费者的利益。同时，征收港口费必将显著推高中美海运贸易成本，据测算相当于增加了4%的关税，导致美国通胀压力加剧，并迫使船公司为规避成本增加而调整航线布局，从而引发美国大港拥堵小港废弃、供应链紊乱和基础设施更新延迟、农产品和能源出口受阻、港口物流就业岗位流失等连锁负面效应，实属损人不利己的短视之举。美301调查启动以来，我们持续呼吁将301调查纳入中美磋商，通过对话而非对抗、合作而非斗争，消除分歧、解决问题。如美方一意孤行，我们认为中国政府有充足的理由重拳出击，依据《对外贸易法》、《反外国制裁法》和新修订的《国际海运条例》，坚决进行反制，采取效果对等反制措施，对中美航线上的外国船东和运营商挂靠中国港口加征港口费，夷平中美航线竞技场，维护公平竞争，同时不排除采取更为严厉的非对称反制手段。

合则两利，斗则俱伤。我们呼吁和希望美国正视其自身行为的违法性，正视打压中国海运造船业与意欲恢复美国造船业之间的背离性，正视国际社会和美国内行业和企业反对调查的声音，站在正义和理性一边，通过开展对话和建设性合作解决自身关切，共同维护全球航运业公平竞争秩序和韧性，维护国际海运供应链安全稳定，促进国际贸易健康发展。如美方继续一意孤行，势必搬起石头砸自己的脚，勿谓言之不预！

Expert Commentary 1 by the China Shipowners’Association

Industry experts Firmly Support the Revision of Countermeasure Provisions in the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Ocean Shipping

On September 12, 2025, the Executive Meeting of the State Council adopted the Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Ocean Shipping, revising the Article 46 of the original Regulations to read as follows: “For any country or region that has concluded or jointly acceded to international maritime transportation-related treaties or agreements with the People’s Republic of China, if it violates the provisions of such treaties or agreements, thereby depriving or impairing the interests that the People’s Republic of China is entitled to under the treaties or agreements, or obstructing the achievement of the objectives of the treaties or agreements, the Government of the People’s Republic of China shall have the right to request the government of the relevant country or region to terminate the aforementioned acts and take appropriate remedial measures, and may, in accordance with the relevant treaties or agreements, suspend or terminate the performance of relevant obligations. Where any country or region imposes, or assists in or supports the imposition of, discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions, or other similar measures on operators, vessels, or crew members engaged in international maritime transportation and its auxiliary services of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of China shall, based on actual circumstances and except where relevant treaties or agreements provide adequate and effective remedies, take necessary countermeasures. Such countermeasures include, but are not limited to: collecting special fees from vessels of that country or region calling at Chinese ports; prohibiting or restricting vessels of that country or region from entering or leaving Chinese ports; and prohibiting or restricting organizations and individuals of that country or region from accessing data and information related to China’s international maritime transportation, and from engaging in international maritime transportation and its auxiliary services involving calls at Chinese ports.” This revision marks a more robust framework for the countermeasure provisions in the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Ocean Shipping, equipping China with a stronger legal tool to counter discriminatory measures imposed by foreign countries on China’s maritime industry. It also enhances China’s capacity to safeguard its national maritime security and development, providing solid legal support for countering U.S. hegemonic practices and upholding a fair competitive order in international maritime transportation.

On April 17, 2024, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) launched a Section 301 investigation into China’s maritime, logistics and shipbuilding industries. On April 17, 2025, the U.S. side released the final measures of the Section 301 investigation, imposing discriminatory port service fees on maritime transport services provided by Chinese shipowners and operators, as well as operators using Chinese-built ships. These fees are set to take effect on October 14. The U.S. Section 301 investigation openly violates the non-discrimination principle advocated by the World Trade Organization (WTO) and seriously undermines the order of the international maritime transport market. It not only seriously harms the operational and development interests of Chinese shipping enterprises but also inflicts significant damage on the interests of traders and even end consumers in countries around the world, including the United States itself. Furthermore, the imposition of such port fees will significantly increase the costs of China-U.S. maritime trade. Estimates show that this is equivalent to an additional 4% tariff, which will exacerbate inflationary pressures in the United States. It will also force shipping companies to adjust their route layouts to avoid increased costs, triggering a chain of negative effects: congestion at major U.S. ports alongside the abandonment of smaller ports, supply chain disruptions, delays in infrastructure upgrades, hindered exports of U.S. agricultural products and energy, and job losses in port logistics. Thus, such a move is truly a short-sighted act that harms others without benefiting oneself. Since the launch of the U.S. Section 301 investigation, we have consistently called for the inclusion of this investigation in China-U.S. consultations, advocating for the resolution of differences and issues through dialogue rather than confrontation, and cooperation rather than conflict. If the U.S. side insists on going its own way, we believe the Chinese government has sufficient reasons to take strong actions. In accordance with the Foreign Trade Law, the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, and the newly revised Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Ocean Shipping, China will resolutely impose countermeasures with equivalent effects—including levying additional port fees on foreign shipowners and operators calling at Chinese ports on China-U.S. routes—to level the playing field for China-U.S. shipping routes and safeguard fair competition. Meanwhile, China does not rule out the adoption of more severe asymmetric countermeasures.

Cooperation benefits both sides, while confrontation harms both. We call on and urge the United States to recognize the illegality of its own actions, acknowledge the contradiction between suppressing China’s maritime and shipbuilding industries and its purported goal of reviving U.S. shipbuilding, and heed the voices of opposition to the investigation from the international community as well as U.S. domestic industries and enterprises. The United States should stand on the side of justice and rationality, resolve its concerns through dialogue and constructive cooperation, and work with China to maintain the fair competition order and sustain the resilience of the global shipping industry, ensure the security and stability of the international maritime transport supply chains, and promote the healthy development of international trade. If the U.S. side continues to act willfully, it will inevitably lift a stone only to drop it on its own foot. So do not say that we have not said in advance about the implications of this incident.