文质彬彬·每日好词语｜以物观物

整理/秦珍子 制图/汪琪（实习生）

　　以物观物

　　顺应事物自身的样态去观知事物。“以物观物”是宋代理学家邵雍提出的一种观察、认知事物的方式。邵雍指出，人们在观察、认知事物的过程中，往往会出于自我的主观意识形成对事物的好恶，从而影响对事物真实样态的认知。因此，邵雍提出“以物观物”的主张，认为人们应该以一种冷静的态度排除主观意识的影响，从而顺应事物自身的样态，如实地观知事物本来的样子。

　　Observe Things Based on Their Own Features

　　This concept means to observe and understand things in accordance with their own characteristics. It is a way of observing and understanding things proposed by Shao Yong, a neo-Confucian philosopher of the Song Dynasty. According to him, in the process of observing and understanding things, people often form likes and dislikes for things based on their own subjective consciousness, which affects their understanding of the true nature of things. Therefore, he proposed the idea of observing things based on their own features, believing that people should adopt a calm attitude to remove the influence of subjective consciousness and observe things in accordance with their own characteristics to truly understand them as they are.

　　引例 以物观物，性也；以我观物，情也。性公而明，情偏而暗。（《邵雍集·观物外篇》）（顺应事物自身来观知事物，是性的体现；依据自我的意识来观知事物，是情感的体现。性公正而清明，情偏颇而晦暗。）

　　Observing things based on their own characteristics is the embodiment of natural instinct, while observing things based on one's own awareness is the embodiment of emotion. Natural instinct is impartial and clear, while emotions are biased and obscure. (Collected Works of Shao Yong)

来源：中国青年报