表示‘尽管，即便’的高级表达

1.Despite / In spite of

用于接名词性结构，表达“尽管如此”。

• ①“Despite the torrential rain and flooded streets, we still made it to the game.” （例证极端天气而未改变行动）【来自：Scribbr】

• ②“Despite the challenging circumstances, the research project was completed on schedule.” （同样强调逆境之下仍完成目标）

形式正式，可作为介词、连词或副词用于引出让步内容。

• ①“Although some opposed the plan, we will go through with it notwithstanding.”（指出反对意见虽存，但仍执行计划）【Merriam‑Webster】

• ②“These quibbles notwithstanding, on the whole the technocrats are right.”（即便有小问题，技术官僚的判断仍是正确的）【Merriam‑Webster】

作为从句连词，引导主语+谓语结构，表示明显的让步对比。

• ①“Although she had very little experience, she performed exceptionally well under pressure.”（经验不足但表现极佳）【British Council】

• ②“Even though he was the youngest in the class, he outperformed his older classmates.”（尽管最年轻却表现最好）【Scribbr】

强调尽管努力，结果仍未如愿，语气书面且对比明显。

• ①“Much as the developers tried to optimize performance, the software continued to crash under certain configurations.”（努力优化仍无法解决崩溃问题）【改写自开发相关外刊风格】

• ②“Much as policymakers advocated trade liberalization, market volatility remained a persistent challenge.”（即便政策推动自由化，市场波动问题仍存）【结合全球经济分析报告风格】

表示对比两种正反情况，适合分析学术写作。

• ①“While the new measures improved efficiency, they also introduced unforeseen compliance risks.”（虽提升效率，但带来合规风险）

• ②“Whereas urban areas saw strong economic growth, rural regions lagged behind significantly.”（城市增长强劲，农村则明显落后）【财经类报导】

作为插入短语或状语，常用于引出转折后的主张或意见。

• ①“Be that as it may, the consortium decided to proceed with the joint venture.”（尽管如此，财团仍决定推进合资项目）【商业新闻典型用法】

• ②“Be that as it may, evidence remains inconclusive and further research is needed.”（尽管如此，证据仍不充分，还需进一步研究）【学术报告常见结构】

• 结合语境选择表达方式：

• • 名词结构适合用 Despite / In spite of / Notwithstanding；

  • 主从句结构更宜采用 Although / Even though；

  • 强对比可选 Much as；

  • 分析型或对比逻辑语境下使用 While / Whereas；

  • 段首或正式转折句适合用 Be that as it may。

• 提升句式复杂度：可嵌入插入语、非限定定语从句、状语从句等，使表达更具学术层次感。