报效祖国 建功西部|从荒滩到绿洲

在西藏自治区山南市加查县扎西定岗村蜿蜒的山路上，长江大学西藏高原核桃产业研究所刘利平博士穿着迷彩外套、牛仔裤，麻利地从上衣上取下标签，细心贴在刚嫁接的核桃树枝上。

　　刘利平说，2020年初次进藏时，她震惊于加查县随处可见的核桃古树——3657棵千年核桃构成了青藏高原特有的核桃古树群。加查县的核桃种植历史已逾千年，但长期以来，村民们守着宝贵的核桃古树资源，却缺乏科学的栽培管理和先进的生产技术支持。

　　“以前我们不会种，巴掌大的地方种了上百棵，人都走不进去，种出来的核桃树又瘦又小，卖不出去。”扎西定岗村党支部书记其律告诉记者，“核桃林的生态价值也发挥不出来，当时沿江也是一片荒滩，大风一来路都看不清。”

　　2021年3月，湖北省“十四五”科技援藏项目启动，刘利平跟随团队奔赴高原，全身心投入到当地良种选育、繁育以及栽培管理等工作之中。

　　刘利平将调研开展在田间地头，常年穿梭在加查有核桃分布的27个行政村。“一开始我们没少吃‘闭门羹’，老百姓不理解我们工作的意义，对我们三番五次的‘登门打扰’很反感。”刘利平回忆，当时她工作包里除了采集数据的工具，总是装着给村民孩子的糖果，借此拉近与村民的距离。

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随着时间的推移，刘利平的坚持和真心让村民转变了态度。岗巴村村民贵桑家就有一棵核桃古树。“原本不知道刘博士是来做什么的，现在特别欢迎她来看树。她教我嫁接和栽培管理，嫁接的果子特别好，产得还多！”贵桑说。

　　截至目前，加查县核桃种植规模已达4.5万亩52万余株，年产核桃1200吨，产值达8000余万元；已成功筛选6株核桃优良单株，建成1000余亩优质核桃栽培示范基地。“十四五”期间，当地沿江生态走廊种植项目种植核桃10余万株，既固土防沙，又为当地群众带来收益，实现生态效益与经济效益双赢。

　　“95后”基层干部张荣层自2022年扎根加查。据他介绍，村民参与嫁接技术培训超过500人次，其中不乏传统种植户。如今，雅鲁藏布江沿岸连绵的生态核桃林与江水相映成趣。

　　加查的核桃苗除了供应当地的绿化造林和产业发展，还被运用到拉萨南北山绿化工程中。拉萨南北山绿化工程作为西藏规模化山体造林的重大生态修复工程，自2022年以来，累计完成营造林近70万亩，造林整体成活率在85%左右。

　　“95后”阚思蒙是2024年“南北山绿化先进个人”，2023年初他担任克日村1号片区现场负责人，片区海拔超3700米，造林面积达3169.8亩。

　　“什么样的树能在海拔3700米至4100米扎根？”在寻找苗源的过程中，阚思蒙辗转200公里来到加查，找到了适合在高海拔片区种植的绿化核桃苗木。

　　“这些苗木不仅成活率高，其发达的根系还能有效固持土壤，防止水土流失。”阚思蒙说。核桃树正在拉萨南北山上茁壮成长，构筑起绿色生态屏障。

　　从传统种植到生态经营，从单一种植到系统修复，一批批年轻人扎根于此，为高原生态贡献绿色“发展样本”。