从受人欺压到欺压他人的拉赫曼

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Peter Rachman是波兰裔犹太人，1939年德国入侵波兰，随后苏联参与瓜分波兰。他参加了当地的抵抗组织，先后被德国、苏联囚禁。德国闪击苏联后，Rachman同狱友一道逃脱，在中东和意大利与盟军协同作战。二战后，他移民英国，50年代在伦敦西区（如诺丁山）购置大量廉价房产。他利用当时租房法律漏洞（如租金管制），通过暴力威胁、断水断电、纵容妓女和瘾君子骚扰租户等手段，逼迫原有低收入租户搬离。之后，他再将房产拆成小间，然后租给更多租户（以加勒比海移民居多，West Indie）。他打着帮助新移民的幌子招摇过市，曝得大名，结果是敲了这些新移民的竹杠，牟取暴利。（Rachman moved the protected tenants into a smaller concentration of properties or bought them out to minimise the number of tenancies with statutory rent controls. Houses were also subdivided into a number of flats to increase the number of tenancies without rent controls. Rachman filled the properties with recent migrants from the West Indies. Rachman's initial reputation, which he sought to promote in the media, was as someone who could help to find and provide accommodation for immigrants, but he was massively overcharging these West Indian tenants, as they did not have the same protection under the law as had the previous tenants）

他的行为没有逃过当地警方的眼睛，从1959年开始，英国当局就开始对其进行调查，发现他的庞大帝国涉足了包括开设妓院等多个非法领域，他随即被起诉。（A special police unit was set up to investigate Rachman in 1959 and uncovered a complex network of 33 companies he had set up to control his property empire. They also discovered Rachman was involved in prostitution, and he was prosecuted twice for brothel-keeping.）

1963年《卫报》记者揭露其商业帝国，称Rachman这样盘剥租客的模式为“Rachmanism”，该词迅速成为剥削性房东行为的代名词。工党以此案例推动住房改革，抨击保守党住房政策失败。次年，英国通过《租金法》，旨在对租客利益进行保护。（As full details of his criminal activities were revealed, there was a call for new legislation to prevent such practices. The Rent Act 1965 gave security of tenure to tenants in privately rented properties.）

Rachman一生沉溺于女色，他先后两次心梗，1962年，43岁的他在伦敦一命呜呼，没有来得及看到自己的大名登堂入室进入英语字典的那天。

Rachmanism这个词，你学会了吗？特别注意不要把这个词与Ranchman（农场经营者、农场工人）搞混。

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