雅思托福干货|英语学术写作，提升文章批判性思维的表达（1）

大家好我是小K！

在学术写作中，批判性思维是评价一个研究者是否能够深入分析问题、提出有见地的观点的重要标准。

那么在英文学术写作中，你是否曾经被指出缺乏批判性思维呢？

今天，我们就分板块来聊聊如何在英语写作中有效地展现你的批判性思维。

01

指出前人研究的不足

Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies：

在开始你的研究之前，了解并评价前人的工作是必不可少的。你可以用以下句式来指出他们的不足之处：

-Previous studies of X have not dealt with …

以前对 X 的研究没有涉及......

-Researchers have not treated X in much detail.

研究人员尚未详细处理 X。

-Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …

这样的阐述并不令人满意，因为它们......

-Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …

X 领域的大多数研究只集中在......

-Such approaches, however, have failed to address …

然而，这些方法未能解决......

-Previous published studies are limited to local surveys.

以前发表的研究仅限于本地调查。

-Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …评估的研究中有一半未能说明是否......

-The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than 迄今为止的研究往往集中在 X 上，而不是

-published studies on the effect of X are not consistent.

已发表的关于 X 影响的研究并不一致。

-Smith’s analysis does not take account of …, nor does she examine …

史密斯的分析没有考虑到......，她也没有研究......

-The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.

现有的记载未能解决 X 和 Y 之间的矛盾

-Most studies of X have only been carried out in a small number of areas. 大多数对 X 的研究只在少数领域进行。

-However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature …

然而，到目前为止的大部分研究本质上都是描述性的......

-The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.

关于这个问题的许多已发表研究的普遍性是有问题的。

-Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparisons of …

关于该主题的研究主要限于有限的比较......

-However, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into …

然而，很少有作家能够利用任何系统的研究来研究......

-Short-term studies such as these do not necessarily show subtle changes over time …

诸如此类的短期研究不一定会随着时间的推移而发生细微的变化......

-Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which …

尽管已经对 X 进行了广泛的研究，但没有一项研究存在......

-However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if …

然而，这些结果是基于 30 多年前的数据，目前尚不清楚是否......

-The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about …

实验数据相当有争议，并且没有普遍的共识......

02

识别单一研究或论文的弱点

Identifying a weakness in a single study or paper:

当你分析一篇特定的论文时，指出其弱点同样重要。这里有一些实用的表达方式：

(However,)

Smith fails to fully define what …

史密斯未能完全定义什么......

Jones fails to acknowledge the significance of …
琼斯没有指出.....的意义

the author overlooks the fact that X contributes to Y.

作者忽略了 X 对 Y 的贡献这一事实

what Smith fails to do is to draw a distinction between …

史密斯没有区分......

the paper would appear to be over-ambitious in its claims.

该报的主张似乎过于雄心勃勃。

another weakness is that we are given no explanation of how …

另一个弱点是，我们没有得到解释如何......

no attempt was made to quantify the association between X and Y.

没有尝试量化 X 和 Y 之间的关联，

the main weakness of the study is the failure to address how …

该研究的主要弱点是未能解决如何......

the study fails to consider the differing categories of damage that …

该研究没有考虑不同类别的损害......

the research does not take into account pre-existing … such as …

该研究没有考虑到预先存在的......如

the author offers no explanation for the distinction between X and Y.

作者没有对 X 和 Y 之间的区别提供解释。

Smith makes no attempt to differentiate between different types of X.

史密斯没有试图区分不同类型的 X。

句式总结：

Smith ＋The paper / The book ＋fails to/ does not/ makes no attempt to ＋

specify …/ quantify …/ compare …/ separate …/ account for …/ suggest why …/ analyse how …/ ascertain whether …/ distinguish between …/ explain the meaning of …/ provide information on …/ address the question of …/ assess the effectiveness of …/

use a standardised method of …

give sufficient consideration to …

consider the long term impact of …

offer an adequate explanation for …
engage with current discourses on …
determine the underlying causes of …
systematically review all the relevant literature.

提升写作批判思维的表达未完待续，我们下期再见！

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