25考研题源外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练--常识其实并不“常见”

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上期划线句答案

That bubble tealendsitself so well to the endless customisation and bold flavours Gen Z prefersispart of the reason it's so popular, explains McCoy-Ward, known on social media platforms as Bubble Tea Kristin.

在社交媒体平台上被称为“波霸奶茶女王克莉丝汀”的麦科伊-沃德解释称，波霸奶茶如此受欢迎，部分原因在于其无限的客制化制作方式，而且它非常符合Z世代大胆的口味偏好。

本期内容

双语阅读

01

Appeals to common sense are astapleof politics, especially when aninsurgentwishes to distinguish himself from a supposedlyaloofand out-of-touch elite. But in a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Mark Whiting and Duncan Watts, a pair of computational social scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, note that the idea has seldom beenrigorouslystudied. The two researchersset outto fix that. They started by noting that the standard concept of common sense has a somewhat circular definition: common sense is a set of claims that sensible people agree with, and sensible people are those who possess common sense.

诉诸常识是政治的主旋律，特别是当一名叛乱者希望将自己与那些被认为是高高在上、脱离群众的精英区分开来时。但是在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的一篇论文中，宾夕法尼亚大学的两位计算社会科学家马克·惠廷和邓肯·沃茨指出，常识这个概念很少得到严谨的研究。这两位研究人员着手解决这个问题。他们首先指出，常识的标准概念有几分循环定义的味道：常识是理智人群认同的一系列主张，而理智人群则是那些有常识的人。

1.staple

英 [ˈsteɪpl]美 [ˈsteɪpl]

vt.装订；用订书钉装订

n.主食；订书钉；U形钉；（某国的）主要产品，支柱产品；主要部分；基本食物；U形电线卡

adj.主要的；重要的；基本的

2.insurgent

英 [ɪnˈsɜːdʒənt]美 [ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt]

n.叛乱者；起义者；造反者

adj.起义的，叛乱的，造反的

3.aloof

英 [əˈluːf]美 [əˈluːf]

adj.冷漠的；冷漠；冷淡

adv.离开；向上风方向

4.rigorous

英 [ˈrɪɡərəs]美 [ˈrɪɡərəs]

adj.严格的；严厉的；细致的；彻底的；谨慎的；严

5.set out

动身，出发，启程；开始，着手；（清晰而有条理地）陈述，阐述，说明；安排

02

Toget aroundsuch philosophicaltangles, the researchers turned to Mechanical Turk, a website run by Amazon, a big tech firm, that allows people to post odd jobs. They recruited 2,046 human participants and asked them to rate 50 statements from acorpusof 4,407 claims that mightplausiblybe seen as commonsensical.

为了解开这团哲学上的乱麻，研究人员使用了Mechanical Turk，一个由大型科技公司亚马逊运营的网站，人们可以在上面发布各种零工杂活。他们招募了2046人参与研究，让他们给50个陈述评分，这些陈述来自于一个由4407个可能被视为常识的说法的语料库。

1.get around

出行，各处走动；规避，避开（法律或规章）；克服，解决（问题或困难）；（新闻或消息）传开；（通过讨好或奉承的手段）说服；到处旅行，游历；哄骗

2.tangle

英 [ˈtæŋɡl]美 [ˈtæŋɡl]

n.混乱；纠纷；争执；纷乱；打架；(线、毛发等的)缠结的一团，乱团，乱糟糟的一堆；不和

v.使缠结；纠结；乱作一团

3.corpus

英 [ˈkɔːpəs]美 [ˈkɔːrpəs]

n.语料库；(书面或口语的)文集，文献，汇编

4.plausible

英 [ˈplɔːzəbl]美 [ˈplɔːzəbl]

adj.看似合理的；有道理的；可信的；花言巧语的；巧言令色的

03

As common sense might havepredicted, the researchers found that plainly worded claims concerning facts about the real world were the most likely to be rated as demonstrating common sense (“triangles have three sides”, for example, which is true by definition, or “avoid close contact with people who are ill”). The more abstract the claims, the less likelyparticipantswere to agree that they were common sense (“all human beings are created equal”; “perception is the only source of knowledge”).

正如依据常识能预见到的那样，研究人员发现，关于现实世界事实的直白陈述最有可能被评断为常识（例如“三角形有三条边”这种顾名思义而正确的表述，或者“避免与生病的人密切接触”）。表述越抽象，参与者认为它们是常识的可能性就越小（“所有人生而平等”，“感知是知识的唯一来源”）。

1.predict

英 [prɪˈdɪkt]美 [prɪˈdɪkt]

v.预测；预报；预言；预告

2.participant

英 [pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt]美 [pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt]

n.参与者；参加者

adj.参加的

04

When theysplitthe claims by subject, the researchers found that those concerning technology and science were the most likely to be rated ascommonsensical, while matters of history and philosophy were the least likely. A respondent’s age, sex, income and personal politics had little effect on what they thought counted as common sense, although psychological measures of socialperceptivenessand the ability to reflect on one’s opinions did.

在按主题划分这些表述时，研究人员发现，涉及技术和科学的陈述最有可能被评断为常识，而历史和哲学问题最不可能。受访者的年龄、性别、收入和个人政治观点对他们认为什么算作常识没什么影响，但是由心理评估反映的社会洞察力和对自身观点的反思能力确有影响。

1.split

英 [splɪt]美 [splɪt]

v.(使)分裂(成不同的派别)；使分开(成为几个部分)；（和某人）断绝关系，分手；分摊；分享；（迅速）离开，走；（使）撕裂；划破

n.分裂；分离；划分；分别；分歧；裂缝；裂口；份额；劈叉；香蕉船，水果船

adj.劈开的；分离的

2.commonsensical

常识的；常识性的

3.perceptiveness

洞察力；感知力；敏锐的观察力

05

Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups. Here, they found much less agreement than might have been expected. Only around 44% of claims in the corpus were rated as commonsensical by at least 75% of respondents. A stricter definition of common sense, in which everyone has to agree with a claim for it to count, cut that number to just 6.6%. Where exactly a sensiblecut-offlies is a matter for debate. But truly “common” sense, it seems, is anelusivething.

在研究了个人观点之后，研究人员又调查了群体对常识的认知。他们发现人群对于什么算常识的一致认同度要比大家原本可能以为的低得多。翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~如果对常识做更严格的定义，即在每个人都同意的情况才能说一种表述是常识，那么这一数字将降至6.6%。如何划分这条界限才合理是一个有待讨论的问题。但看起来，真正的“常”识是个说不清道不明的事情。

1.cut-off

英 [ˈkʌt ɒf]美 [ˈkʌt ɔːf]

n.界限；截止点；剪短的裤子

adj.裤腿剪短的

2.elusive

英 [iˈluːsɪv]美 [iˈluːsɪv]

adj.难以捉摸；难以达到的；难找的；难以解释的

本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

发布时间：2024.01.17

作者：The Economist

原文标题：Common sense is not actually very common

写作句总结

原句：Having investigated individual opinions, the researchers looked at how common sense works across big groups, finding much less agreement than might have been expected.

结构：Having investigated X, the researchers looked at Y, finding Z than might have been expected.

例句：Having investigated online sources, the researchers looked at the reliability of information shared on social media, finding it more questionable than might have been expected.

阅读理解题

What did the researchers discover about the agreement on common sense among large groups?

A. A majority of claims were agreed upon by all participants as common sense.
B. Claims related to history and philosophy were most likely to be agreed upon as common sense.
C. Only a small fraction of claims were universally recognized as common sense by all participants.
D. Personal politics significantly influenced the consensus on what constitutes common sense.

C

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