常用使役动词have, let，make究竟怎么用？

英语中具有使役意义的动词较多，跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念。通常我们说使役动词，指的是have, let，make这三个动词，它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to。

1. have的用法

1）have +宾语+do（省略to的不定式）：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。

The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.

这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
I will have him come and help you.

我会让他来帮助你的。

2）have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中，宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。

The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.

这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。

He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.

昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
I have them all talking to each other in English.

我鼓励他们用英语交谈。

3）have +宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志，即主语让别人为自己完成某事，宾语和宾补是动宾关系，还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。

Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.

汤姆修了他的电视机。（别人修的）
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.

昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。（别人偷的）

4）have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补

Please have your tickets ready.

请准备好你的票。
The Emperor had nothing on.

这位皇帝什么都没在做。
I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.

2. let的用法

1）let +宾语+do（省to不定式）：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.

让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。
Let AB be equal to CD.

假设AB等于CD.

2）let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out.

让我进来，让他们出去。
Who let you into the building?

谁让你进到大楼里来的？

3. make的用法

1）make +宾语+do（省to不定式）：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。此结构常用被动结构。

The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.

老师让这个调皮的男孩在那里站了一个小时。
The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.

这个调皮的男孩被让在那站了一个小时。

2）make+宾语+过去分词，此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.

他提高嗓音让自己被听到。
They will make an important plan known to the public soon.

他们不久就会让公众知道这个计划。

3）make+宾语+形容词，宾语亦可是从句。

The news made her happy.

这个消息使她快乐。
He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.

他明确表明他反对这个建议。

来源：外研版初中英语

编辑：鲁蒙海

审核：海 新

终审：张 扬