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A typical lesson that Saara Martikka, a teacher in Hameenlinna, Finland, gives her students goes like this: She presents her eighth graders with news articles. Together, they discuss: What’s the purpose of the article? How and when was it written? What are the author’s central claims?
芬兰哈美林纳的教师萨拉·马蒂卡给她的学生上的一个典型课程是这样的:她给八年级学生一些新闻文章。他们一起讨论:这篇文章的目的是什么?怎么写的,什么时候写的?作者的中心主张是什么?
“Just because it’s a good thing or it’s a nice thing doesn’t mean it’s true or it’svalid,” she said. In a class last month, she showed students three TikTok videos, and they discussed the creators’ motivations and the effect that the videos had on them.
“仅仅因为它是一件好事,并不意味着它是真实的或有效的,”她说。在上个月的一堂课上,她向学生们展示了三个TikTok的视频,一起讨论了创作者的动机以及视频对他们的影响。
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Her goal, like that of teachers around Finland, is to help students learn toidentifyfalse information.
和芬兰各地的教师一样,她的目标是帮助学生学会识别虚假信息。
Finland ranked No. 1 of 41 European countries on resilience againstmisinformationfor the fifth time in a row in a survey published in October by the Open Society Institute in Sofia, Bulgaria. Officials say Finland’s success is not just because of its strong education system, one of the best in the world, but also because of a concerted effort to teach students about fake news. Media literacy is part of the national core curriculum starting in preschool.
在保加利亚索非亚开放社会研究所10月发表的一项调查中,这一内陆国连续第五次在41个欧洲国家中排名第一。官员们表示,芬兰的成功不仅是其强大的教育体系的结果——这是世界上最好的教育体系之一,也是因为教师共同努力教导学生识别假新闻。媒体素养是从学前开始的国家核心课程的一部分。
After Finland, the European countries that ranked highest forresilienceto misinformation in the Open Society Institute survey were Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland and Sweden. The countries that were the most vulnerable to misinformation were Georgia, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania. The survey results were calculated based on scores for press freedom, the level of trust in society and scores in reading, science and math.
在开放社会研究所的调查中,芬兰之后,对错误信息的识别力排名最高的欧洲国家是挪威、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、爱尔兰和瑞典。最容易受到错误信息影响的国家是格鲁吉亚、北马其顿、科索沃、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及阿尔巴尼亚。调查结果是根据新闻自由、社会信任度以及阅读、科学和数学的得分计算出来的。
Even though today’s teenagers have grown up with social media, that does not mean that they know how to identify and guard againstmanipulatedvideos of politicians or news articles on TikTok . In fact, a study published last year in the British Journal of Developmental Psychology found that adolescence could be a peak time for conspiracy theorizing. A contributing factor could be social media, with its influence over young people’s beliefs about the world, the study’s authors wrote.
尽管今天的青少年是用着社交媒体长大的,但这并不意味着他们知道如何识别和防范被操纵的政治视频或TikTok上发布的假新闻。事实上,去年发表在《英国发展心理学杂志》上的一项研究发现,青春期可能是阴谋论发展的高峰期。作者写道,其中一个影响因素可能是社交媒体,它影响了年轻人对世界的信念。
词汇精讲
valid
/ ˈvælɪd /
adj.(文件或票证)有效的;正当的,合理的;合法有效的;计算机系统接受的,被计算机系统认为有效的
例句:All tickets are valid for two months.
所有的票在两个月内有效。
identify
/ aɪˈdentɪfaɪ /
v.认出,识别;查明,确认;发现;证明(身份),表明;认同,理解;认为……和……一致;和(某人)打成一片
例句:First of all we must identify the problem areas.
首先我们必须找出问题所在。
misinformation
/ ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn /
n. (常指故意提供的) 虚假消息
例句:This was a deliberate piece of misinformation.
这是一条故意提供的虚假消息。
resilience
/ rɪˈzɪliəns /
n.恢复力,复原力;(橡胶等的)弹性
例句:If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping.
如果你真的想培养复原力,可以从策略性地停止工作开始。
manipulate
/ məˈnɪpjuleɪt /
v.操纵,摆布;操作,使用;正骨,推拿;篡改;巧妙地移动(某物),巧妙地处理(某事);校正,转移(储存在计算机上的信息)
例句:She was unable, for once, to control and manipulate events.
她曾一度无法控制和操纵事件。
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英文部分节选自The New York Times:How Finland Is Teaching a Generation to Spot Misinformation
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