看完《阿凡达2》，为一只图鲲感动到流泪……

《阿凡达：水之道》（以下简称《阿凡达2》）16日正式公映以来备受关注。很多人被影片中瑰丽神奇的动物惊艳到了。

在潘多拉星球的森林里，杰克和奈蒂莉组建了家庭，他们养育着五个孩子。随着宿敌再次降临复仇，为不拖累族群，杰克一家人被迫离开森林，来到岛礁族梅特卡伊纳族，寻求庇护。

影片第二部分是岛礁生活戏份，一家人努力融入当地人的文化和生活习惯，认识了神奇动物图鲲。第三部分，宿敌终于发现了他们的行踪，展开岛屿决斗。

The new story picks up more than a decade from the end of the first tale, unfolding with Jake Sully, the former US Marine who chooses to become a member of the native Na'vi, leading a happy life with his wife, Neytiri, and their three children, as well as an adopted daughter. However, a new threat emerges as the human invaders land on Pandora again. Miles Quaritch, the main villain in the first movie, gathers a squad to hunt the protagonist. To protect his family and avoid bringing harm to his forest-dwelling clan, Jake and his family flee, embarking on a journey that sees them find asylum with the Metkayina — an oceanic Na'vi tribe that can swim like fish and communicate with "Tulkun", a species of whale-like creatures.

“北冥有鱼”之鲲与图鲲

在岛屿戏份中，庞大的图鲲让很多观众落泪和揪心。它们迁徙的场景配上磅礴音乐，带来了从未有过的视觉奇观。

图鲲这个名字一出来，很多人想起了中国传统文化中庄周在《逍遥游》里写道：“北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也。”这里所记载的鲲，体型巨大无比，任性遨游于海底。

巧合的是，《阿凡达2》里的图鲲，也是巨大无比，是海底霸王级物种，任何地球上的鲸鱼在它们面前都相形见绌。

The tulkun is presumably the largest fauna on Pandora, being up to 300 feet (91.4 meters) long when fully grown. Despite their size, they also inhabit near-shore waters and can breach out of the water. 图鲲大概是潘多拉星球上最大的动物群，完全成年后，长约91米。尽管体型巨大，它们也栖息在近岸水域，并能跃出水面。 fauna [ˈfɔnə] n.动物群

They have dark grey/blue skin with areas of white coloration on their underbellies and colorful, stripe-like markings across their body. Characteristic of other Pandoran life forms, tulkuns have four eyes, two on each side of the head, that are orange in color, and the shapes of irises are different between larger and smaller eyes; the irises on smaller eyes resemble that of Terran goats. 它们有深灰色、蓝色的皮肤，下腹部呈白色，全身有彩色条纹状斑纹。与潘多拉星球上其他动物一样，图鲲有四只眼睛，头部两侧各有两只，颜色为橙色，大眼睛和小眼睛的虹膜形状不同；小眼睛上的虹膜类似于山羊。

They have six flippers, although the last two have merged to become part of its tail, similarly to Terran seals. They have six blowholes on their backs. Tulkuns possess armor plating to achieve durability. 它们有六个鳍状肢，最后两个已经合并成为尾巴的一部分，有点类似于海豹。它们的背上有六个气孔。图鲲外部厚厚的盔甲保护它们免受捕鲸者的袭击。

在卡梅隆的设定中，图鲲是一种比人类更智慧的生物，它们有自己的名字、语言、艺术、数学和音乐。

Of all the marine fauna inhabiting the Metkayina reef, only the enormous, highly-intelligent, sea-dwelling tulkun are truly sentient. In fact, the tulkun possess their own names and a rich family history and culture as well as sophisticated music and poetry.

作为攻击力极强的智慧生物，在远古时代它们也曾相互杀戮，但之后便形成了大家遵守的教义，禁止一切形式的杀戮。

图鲲从不主动攻击外族，以防御的姿态对待外界的攻击掠夺。

Eons ago, the tulkun engaged in long stretches of bloody warfare that spanned generations. Eventually, the tulkun changed their ways and collectively swore to a life of absolute pacifism.

但因为其智慧，其身体内有一种物质可以延缓衰老，而遭遇捕鲲队伍的追捕。

图鲲原型是什么？

《阿凡达2》的公开资料显示，潘多拉星球海洋生物的设计颇具巧思，图鲲的造型参照了座头鲸、绿毛龟、斑海豹三种生物。

图鲲有两个巨大的鳍状肢，有点像座头鲸的“大翅”。尽管体型巨大，它们也能和座头鲸一样跃出水面。

电影中有明确和详细的画面展示，图鲲和鲸鱼一样，每年要进行洄游，依靠磁场和回声定位和导航。

图鲲与地球上的座头鲸 （humpback）相似，它们的处境也相似。

The tulkuns are similar to the humpback whale in the real world, which suffer from a similar situation.

座头鲸是一种大型海洋生物，成年的座头鲸身长超过10米，体重近30吨，它们主要以磷虾等小型甲壳类动物为食。

Humpback whales are huge creatures that roam the vast oceans, with adults reaching lengths of more than 10 meters and weighing nearly 30 tonnes, and they feed mainly on small crustaceans such as krill.

在十九世纪中期之前，全球座头鲸的数量一度达到15万头。但在接下来的一个世纪里，由于遭到猎杀，其数量在1966年下降到2万头。1982年，国际捕鲸委员会采取了有效的商业捕鲸禁令，这一措施对座头鲸的正常繁殖起了重要作用。

Before the mid-nineteenth century, the global population of humpback whales once reached 150,000. But over the next century, they were hunted extensively, which saw the population decline to 20,000 in 1966.

2018年1月，南太平洋库克群岛附近水域，一只重达5万磅的座头鲸用头与嘴巴推着一名潜水者，保护她不受附近虎鲨的伤害

目前，座头鲸的数量正在增加。但该物种仍面临着威胁，如气候变化、与船只的碰撞和噪音污染，这些都迫使它远离传统的繁殖地。

Currently, the humpback whale population is increasing in numbers. But the species still faces difficulties, like climate change, collisions with ships and noise pollution, which force it away from its traditional breeding grounds.

卡梅隆以更逼真、清晰且沉浸的语言，带领观众飞越森林，潜入海底，和成群的海洋奇妙生物共舞。

此前，卡梅隆在接受中国媒体采访时就表示，他一生所爱就是电影与海洋，《阿凡达2》是他写给海洋的一封情书（the sequel is his love letter to the ocean）。

他说：

"I love being underwater. I love the oceans. I love these incredible animals. I love the beauty in the coral reefs or in a kelp forest, that sort of thing … I'm just putting together my two great loves in life: film — telling stories with images — and the ocean," says the director. “我喜欢待在水下，我喜欢海洋。我喜欢那些妙不可言的动物。我喜欢珊瑚礁和海藻林诸如此类事物的美。我只是在将我生命中的两大爱好结合在一起，用电影图像去讲述海洋的故事。”

绚烂的屏幕上， 纳美人对不同物种、对大自然有着亲如手足的热爱，告诉人们万物平衡才是生命永恒的主题。

编辑：陈月华

参考来源：中国日报 扬子晚报 新快报 avatar.com CGTN