2021年高考英语高频考查主题素材词分类记——历史与地理

话题十一　历史与地理

高频单词

·Group 1·

1. abundant adj. 大量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的

2. ambassador n. 大使

3. bay n. 海湾

4. border n. 边(沿);边界, 国界

5. capital n. 首都

6. condition n. 条件, 状况

7. consist vi. 由……组成

8. continent n. 大陆, 大洲

9. country n. 国家;农村, 乡下

countryside n. 乡下, 农村

10. desert n. 沙漠　vt. 舍弃; 遗弃

·Group 2·

1. deserve v. (不用于进行时态)应得, 应受

2. differ vi. 相异, 有区别

difference n. 不同

3. dinosaur n. 恐龙

4. disappear vi. 消失

5. disaster n. 灾难;祸患

6. discover vt. 发现

discovery n. 发现

7. distance n. 距离

8. disturb vt. 扰乱;打扰

disturbing adj. 令人不安的, 引起恐慌的

9. divide vt. 分, 划分

10. frontier n. 边境, 国界;前沿, 前线

·Group 3·

1. exploit vt. 开采, 开发, 利用, 剥削

2. explore v. 探险

explorer n. 探险者

3. framework n. (建筑物)框架, 结构

4. geography n. 地理

5. history n. 历史

6. immigration n. 移居

7. independence n. 独立

independent adj. 独立的, 有主见的

8. landmark n. 地标性建筑

9. locate vt. 位于

10. measure v. 量

·Group 4·

1. memorial n. 纪念碑

2. memory n. 回忆, 记忆

memorize v. 记忆

3. mineral n. 矿物质, 矿物

4. mountainous adj. 多山的

5. origin n. 起源, 由来

6. period n. 时期, 时代

7. position n. 位置

8. primitive adj. 原始的, 远古的

9. pyramid n. 金字塔

10. reflect v. 反映, 反射

·Group 5·

1. remain vi. 剩下;保持, 仍是

2. remote adj. 偏远的, 偏僻的

3. ruin v. (使)毁坏;(使) 毁灭

n. (复) 废墟;遗迹

4. slavery n. 奴隶制度

5. stable adj. 稳固的, 牢固的

6. unfortunate adj. 不幸的

unfortunately adv. 不幸地

7. widespread adj. 分布广的, 普遍的

8. witness n. 目击者

v. 为……作证

9. world-famous adj. 世界闻名的

10. worldwide adj. 遍及全球的, 世界范围的

高频短语

·Group 1·

1. be surrounded by/with. . . 　　　被……环绕着/包围着

2. be located in. . . 坐落在……

3. be rich in 富含……

4. be made up of由……组成

5. be famous/well-known for以……闻名

6. be known as作为……而出名

7. be separated from与……分离

8. behind the times落在时代后面

9. date from (date back to)追溯到;始于

10. have a population of有……人口

·Group 2·

1. have/cover an area of. . . square kilometers/meters

占地面积为……平方千米/米

2. have a history of有……的历史

3. in the course of在……期间, 在……过程中

4. in the name of以……的名义

5. in the early 1920s在20世纪20年代初

6. in the long run从长远来看, 最后

7. lie in位于;在于

8. natural resources自然资源

9. settle down定居

10. take on a new look呈现新面貌

写作佳句

1. Ifeel proud ofknowing your interest in Chinese history.

知道你对中国历史感兴趣, 我感到自豪。

2. The Yetiis said to bea large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.

据说雪人是体形很大多毛的动物, 像人一样直立行走。

3. We can know more about the life of great peopleas well ashistory and cultures of other countries. 我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。

4.Firstly, I’d like to tell you something aboutthe weather in my city,whichis often windy and very cold in winter.

首先, 我想给你们介绍一下我的城市的天气, 通常多风而且冬天非常寒冷。

5.However,I think that you will quickly adjust to themalthoughthe weather and the food are different from yours. 可是, 我认为你会很快适应, 尽管天气与食物都与你们的不同。

6. In autumn, it’sneither too hot nor too cold.

秋天, 既不太热又不太冷。

7. Qianmen Street, with a history of 600 years, is 800 meters in length,along whichthere are more than 300 shops.

前门大街有600年的历史, 800米长, 沿街有300多家店铺。

8. Canada, which is the second largest country in the world,coversan area of 9. 97 million square kilometers.

加拿大, 世界第二大国, 占地面积为997万平方千米。

9. Race has always beena hot buttonin this country’s history.

种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的一个热点。

10. Confuciusis considered asthe greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.

孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。

11. The village,located onthe East Sea, has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200, 000. 这个村庄坐落在东海之滨, 有着300多年的历史, 20万人口。

12. Our lab buildingis in the centre ofthe school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it. 我们的实验楼在学校中心。在它的前面有一座美丽的花园。我们的教学楼就在它的后边。

13. Chinalies inthe east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.

中国位于亚洲东部, 太平洋的西岸。

14. Britain,with an area of244. 1 thousand km2 and a population of over

65, 000, 000,is located inthe northwest of the European Continent, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. 英国占地24. 41万平方千米, 人口超过6 500万, 位于欧洲大陆西北部,被大西洋包围。

15.There are quite a lot of places of interestin Xi’an, such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the old City Wall and so on. 西安有许多名胜古迹, 比如兵马俑、古城墙等。

16. Its capital city London alsoserves asone of the major international financial centers in the world.

它的首都伦敦也是世界上主要的国际金融中心之一。

17. Ancient China wasone of the earliest centersof human civilization. 古代中国是人类文明最早的中心之一。

18. Its total land area is 16, 808 square kilometers, among which the mountain areasaccount for52%.

它的总占地面积为16 808平方千米, 其中山区占52%。

19. Beijing is a citywherethe old cultural traditions and the modern civilization are well combined.

北京是一个古老的文化传统和现代文明完美融合的城市。

20. In ancient times, Chinagot throughabout 20 dynasties, such as Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty and so on.

在古代, 中国经历了夏、商等约20个朝代。

写作范例

假定你是李华, 你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿, 要点如下:

1. 栏目介绍;

2. 稿件内容;

3. 稿件长度:约400词;

4. 交稿日期:6月28日前。

注意:

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Dear Peter,

I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.

The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?

I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours,

Li Hua

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