潮州,这座海丝联盟城市,正坐落在广东省东南隅,又因三面环山,也被称为“省尾国脚”。
而潮州木雕文化正是在这样一个角落之地生根发芽,蓬勃发展。
木雕流行于古潮州府所属地区,如潮州、潮安、潮阳、汕头、普宁、揭阳、饶平等地。
因为这几县旧属潮州府,人们也习惯称之为“潮州木雕”。
Chaozhou woodcarving spreads over Chaoshan in South China's Guangdong Province and is popular in cities like Chao'an, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, and Raoping, all of which were in ancient Chaozhou prefecture. Because of this, the style of carving was called Chaozhou Woodcarving.
潮州木雕与浙江东阳木雕,乐清黄杨木雕,福建龙眼木雕并称中国四大木雕流派。
现潮州开元寺天王殿梁架上有一“草尾”装饰的斗拱为唐代潮州木雕遗物,而悬挂铜钟的木龙则为宋代遗物。
潮州许驸马府建于北宋治平年间,其建筑装饰木雕亦以“草尾”为主。由此可知潮汕木雕唐宋时期就已存在。
Along with Dongyang woodcarving and Huangyang woodcarving in Zhejiang province, Longyan woodcarving in Fujian province, Chaozhou Woodcarving is one of the four leading schools of folk woodcarving.
在清代的前中期建造许多祠堂寺庙,仍保存较为完好的,如揭阳古溪大宗祠、揭西钱坑鸣鸾公祠等。
清代中后期,潮州府所属各邑陆续兴建许多高墙大屋。
Qing dynasty was the golden days of Chaozhou Woodcarving. Many ancestral halls and temples still preserved today were built during the early and mid Qing dynasty, like Guxi Ancestral Hall in Jieyang.
清代潮州金漆木雕 :楼阁式圣旨亭
特别是清末民初年间,海内华侨回乡建造祠堂、豪宅成风,大量采用潮汕木雕,使之达到登峰造极发展阶段,现存大量的潮汕木雕多数为这个时期的作品。
The prosperous foreign trade in the reign of emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty made great contribution to the development of the Chaozhou Woodcarving.
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乾隆府志载:“望族营造屋庐,必建立家庙,尤为壮丽。……家有千金,必构书斋,雕梁画栋,缀以池台竹树。”
嘉庆澄海县志载:“望族喜营屋宇,雕梁画栋,池台竹树,必极工巧。大宗小宗竞建祠堂,争夸壮丽,不惜赀费。”
民国三十三年(1944)《广东年鉴》载:"粤有华侨,喜建造大屋大厦,以夸耀乡里。潮汕此风也甚,惟房屋之规模,较之他地尤为宏伟。富贵之家,住屋必有家庙及书斋。"
以上史料中记述的潮汕地区建大屋大厦争夸壮丽这一风气,为潮州木雕艺术的全盛期创造了条件。
己略黄公祠精湛的木雕工艺
部分内容源自:丝路云帆
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