越来越多的人因为教育、食品安全、财产安全和空气污染离开中国。
财新网报道 （来源：CNN；编译：黄蒂）根据“中国与全球化智库”（CCG）最新的一份国际移民报告，截止2013年，中国的“移民赤字”约有850万人：有934万中国移民居住在海外，而居住在中国的外国移民数量还不到85万。
为何如此多的中国“精英人群”迁往异乡，他们难道不知道“人离乡贱，物离乡贵”？非也，CNN分析称，对于最典型的富豪移民来说，离开中国正是为了保住财富。
很多富有的中国人——商人，投资者甚至是官员——正在保护他们的财产不惹上麻烦。
Many wealthy Chinese -- business people, investors and even Communist Party officials -- are cutting loose to protect their assets.
具体怎么说呢？
习近平有力的反腐行动拉响了新时期中国的警报，靠现金和关系已不再能获得豁免或阻止起诉（小编：此处CNN英语有误，不过我们还是照原文附在下面……）。无论自己有罪与否，一些人都在想着自己会不会成为下个目标——与其恋栈不去等待答案，他们宁可选择把自己、家人和收益都搬离中国。
President Xi Jinping's vigorous anti-corruption drive is a siren call for the new China, in which cash and connections are no longer a barrier to immunity and prosecution. Guilty or not, some are wondering if they could be the campaign's next targets -- and rather than linger to find out, they're transporting themselves, their families and their gains out of China.
CNN认为，另一些人对国内财产的担心可能在于，金融系统未能被充分监管，自己的财产无法得到足够的保护。
2014年胡润百富榜对中国富人所做的调查显示，64%的富人已经移民或者正有移民打算，比去年多了4个百分点。
在财产之外，本土精英人才离开中国还有其他多种原因，香港科技大学研究中国人力资源的教授大卫•茨威格（David Zweig）说，原因包括追求工作机会、生活质量，以及对自己技能的更好发挥。
首先，在工作机会和技能发挥方面：
如果有机会的话，许多中国的研究生，特别是博士生，会选择至少在中期内留在海外。
Given the chance, many postgraduate Chinese students -- and in particular Ph.D students -- choose to stay put overseas, at least in the mid-term.
这似乎与中国人印象中“海归”大量回国的情况不大一样啊，难道这是两批不同的人？CNN继续写道：
“关系”体系——也就是得到一份好工作所需要的人际网络，也阻止了一些人回来。
The system of guanxi, or connections required to procure a decent job, also puts people off returning.
前后两句连起来读，意思似乎更明白了点。当然很多“海归”会被这话的隐含意思误伤，不过这应该也说出了部分真实情况？
在生活质量方面嘛，CNN重复了他们说了几百遍的内容：食品安全、空气污染、其他环境问题，交通拥堵，等等，等等。
那么，中国政府着急吗？当然。2009年启动的“千人计划”将目标指向在海外的顶级学者、科学家和企业家，希望他们回归祖国。茨威格说：
“中国正在进行一场人才战争——在扭转移民流向上，中国是世界上最积极的国家。”
"China is waging a talent war -- it's the most active state in the world in terms of reversing migration,"
但他补上一句，“千人计划”至今成果有限：
尽管新兴的风险投资文化让企业家们回归了，但中国还没能成功的召回其他人群。
Although entrepreneurs are returning to a newly vibrant culture of venture capital, China has not been successful in getting others back.
说来说去，不外乎一个道理：有人离开是为了钱，有人回来是为了钱。
另一些人没离开，或者没回来，是因为他们在乎的东西钱买不来，还是因为他们需要纳入考量的钱不够多？
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Hong Kong (CNN) -- "Culture is not the main reason why most Chinese people leave. This is a romantic view. Most people leave China because of practical reasons like education, food and wealth security and air quality."
HK（CNN）——“文化并不是大多数中国人移民的原因。那只是一个浪漫的视角。真正让大多数人离开中国的原因大多是比较实际的，比如教育、食品安全和财富安全以及空气质量等。”
This is the view of Li Chen, who moved to Hong Kong from the mainland two years ago.
这个是李晨的观点，他两年前从大陆移居香港。
A combination of pragmatism and aspiration led the 32-year-old Masters of Journalism student to leave. He said when his wife was offered the chance to relocate to Hong Kong, the timing for the couple was just right. The move allowed Li to pursue his passion for photography and will earn him his Masters degree from University of Hong Kong.
出于现实和理想的双重考虑，这位32岁的新闻学硕士选择了离开。他说，当他的妻子得到能定居香港的机会时，正好是他们这对夫妇想要离开的时候。此次移居让李能追求自己的摄影梦想以及将要取得香港大学的硕士学位。
Millions of Chinese share Li's relocation bug.
数百万的中国人都有李这样的移居经历。
In 2013, 8.5 million mainly middle-class Chinese were living abroad, while only 848,000 people had moved to China, according to report by an influential Beijing-based think tank, the Center for China & Globalization (CCG).
根据一份在北京很有影响力的智库，中国和全球化智库的报告，截至2013年，850万大多是中产的中国人居住在国外，而只有84.8万的外国人移居中国。
The Communist-backed People's Daily last year called it, "the world's worst brain drain."
党报人民日报去年称此为，“世界上最严重的人才流失。”
Waves of Chinese deserting the mainland is nothing new, but this time they're taking their money and talent with them -- making the new phenomenon a wealth, as well as brain drain.
中国大陆的移民潮并不是第一次，但是这次他们带走了钱和能力，这也使得这次新潮流成为财富和人才的双重流失。
But what's fueling the exodus and does the Chinese government care enough to reverse the trend?
但是，是什么造成了此次移民潮？中国政府对此次移民潮是否足够关注并想要扭转这个趋势？
Wealth preservation
资产保护
Many wealthy Chinese -- business people, investors and even Communist Party officials -- are cutting loose to protect their assets.
许多富人——无论是商人、投资人或者甚至官员，都在试图通过转移保护他们的财产。
President Xi Jinping's vigorous anti-corruption drive is a siren call for the new China, in which cash and connections are no longer a barrier to immunity and prosecution. Guilty or not, some are wondering if they could be the campaign's next targets -- and rather than linger to find out, they're transporting themselves, their families and their gains out of China.
习近平有力的反腐行动拉响了新时期中国的警报，靠现金和关系已不再能获得豁免或阻止起诉（小编：此处CNN英文有误）。无论自己有罪与否，一些人都在想着自己会不会成为下个目标——与其恋栈不去等待答案，他们宁可选择把自己、家人和收益都搬离中国。
Among this group are the so-called "naked officials," civil servants whose family members live abroad. President Xi recently banned their promotion to prevent them from absconding with public funds.
这群人中有大家所谓的“裸官”，他们是政府官员，但是他们的家庭成员已经移居国外。习主席最近通过禁止提拔裸官来防止他们携款潜逃。
Others choose to quit China because they don't feel its financial system is sufficiently regulated enough to protect their fortunes.
其他人离开中国是因为他们觉得国内的金融系统不足以保障他们的财富安全。
Every year, more want to make the break. Of the rich Chinese surveyed in the 2014 China-based Hurun Report, 64% said they were emigrating, or planning to do so this year -- 4% more than last year.
每年，越来愈多的人先要离开。在2014胡润财富报告中，64%的中国富人说他们正在或计划移民国外，比2013年增长了4%。
Their ticket out of China is chiefly via foreign investor visas offered by developed countries like the United States, Britain and Australia. But the programs are not without controversy. The Canadian immigration department recently ditched its flagship scheme, which offered permanent residency in return for a $719,000 interest-free loan to the government, thanks to a massive backlog of applications and domestic opposition.
这张离开中国的船票主要是由发达国家，比如美国、英国和澳洲等提供的投资移民签证。但是这些投资移民签证计划并不是没有任何反对。加拿大移民局最近就放弃了它的标志性移民项目，该项目只要向加国投资71.9万加元（无贷）就可获得永久居留权，但是因为它积压太严重同时也因国内的反对，这个项目被终止了。
Jean-Christian Brillant, consul and spokesperson from the Canadian Consulate General in Hong Kong and Macau, told CNN that the demographic wasn't a good fit for Canada. "Research shows that immigrant investors pay less in taxes than other economic immigrants and are less likely to stay in Canada over the medium- to long-term.
Jean-Christian Brillant，加拿大驻港及驻澳领事馆发言人告诉CNN，这个移民项目并不对加国有利。研究表明，这些投资移民缴税比其他经济类移民缴税少，同时从中长期来看，他们留在加拿大的可能性也较低。
"They often lack the skills, including official language proficiency, to integrate as well as other immigrants from the same countries."
他们大多缺乏能力，包括官方语言的使用能力，以致于他们不能跟来自同样国家的移民融合在一起。
Li, a businesswoman from Beijing, submitted her application for the investor visa scheme two years ago in the hope it would help her firm and support her child's education. "The news was a blow," she told the state-run Xinhua news agency. "This does not change my decision. Canada remains my top choice. The United States and Australia are also good options."
李女士是一位来自北京的女商人，她2年前提交了投资移民申请，希望能帮助她改善子女的教育。李对国家级媒体新华社说，“这个新闻很令人伤心，但它并不会改变我的移民决定。加拿大依然是我的首要选择，美国和澳洲同样也是好的移民目的地。”
Education and jobs
教育和工作
Other than wealth preservation, "people also go (abroad) for opportunities, quality of life, and where their skills are better valued," said David Zweig, a professor and specialist in China's human resources at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
在财产之外，本土精英人才离开中国还有其他多种原因，香港科技大学研究中国人力资源的教授大卫•茨威格（David Zweig）说，原因包括追求工作机会、生活质量，以及对自己技能的更好发挥。
As the Chinese saying goes, "painting on a little gold," or obtaining a foreign education, is a highly prized maneuver.
用中国话说就是要“镀金”，或者接受外国的教育，这是很多人的移民动机。
Given the chance, many postgraduate Chinese students -- and in particular Ph.D students -- choose to stay put overseas, at least in the mid-term. Li, a journalism masters student, said "I like the culture in Hong Kong, it's open and free. It's unlikely this type of atmosphere will take root in China anytime soon."
如果有机会的话，很多硕士留学生以及博士留学生会选择留在海外，至少在中期之内。李是香港大学的新闻学说是学生，他说，“我喜欢香港的文化，开放且自由。这样的氛围在短期内不太可能在内地扎根。”
The system of guanxi, or connections required to procure a decent job, also puts people off returning. Pan Xiao, a part-time student and publishing company employee, said, "In Hong Kong, I can find a job by myself, not through my father, my mother, or my uncle."
只有依靠关系或人际网络才能获得一份好工作的系统也是迫使一些人留在国外的原因。潘晓，一位兼职学生，同时在出版公司工作，说，“在香港，我能依靠自己找到工作，而不是通过爸爸、妈妈或叔叔”
Health is wealth
健康才是财富
Meanwhile, unbridled economic growth has brought a string of food and environmental scares in its wake. Smog from pollution has reached levels hazardous to human health and blanketed the capital Beijing and much of northeast China in recent months,prompting Premier Li Keqiang to declare a "war on pollution."
同时，中国经济的放纵式增长也带来了食品安全和环境污染等问题。在最近的几个月，北京以及大多数东北方城市都出现了雾霾，并且已经严重到危害人类健康的程度。总理李克强也提出向污染宣战。
Those who can afford to exit are considering their options very seriously.
那些有能力移民的人开始认真考虑他们的选择。
"High net earners cite wealth preservation, education for their children, food and environmental security as the main reasons for considering investment immigration,"
“高净值资产持有者把资产保护、子女教育、食品和环境安全作为考虑投资移民的主要原因。”
said Jennifer Zeng, a private wealth expert from management consulting firm Bain & Company.
Jennifer Zeng，管理咨询公司——贝恩公司的私人理财专家如是说。
Waging a talent war
人才争夺战
How damaging for China is this wealth and brain drain?
这场财富和人才的流失如何破坏了中国呢？
Wang Huiyao, the director of The Center for China & Globalization, said the phenomenon threatens China's long-term economic transformation. He's urging the Chinese government to set up an immigration bureau and encourage more skilled foreigners to immigrate into China.
中国与国际化智库的主任王辉耀说，这个现象威胁了中国的长期经济改革。他强烈呼吁中国政府设立移民局，同时鼓励更多的外国人才移民中国。
"The U.S. is selecting talent from 7.9 billion people, but we are from only 1.3 billion," he said.
他说，“美国在从全球790万人中挑选人才，但我们却只能从国内130万人中挑选人才。”
Zweig, a specialist in China's human resources said that China's leaders are acutely conscious of the brain deficit, particularly at the upper end of the academic pyramid. "China is waging a talent war -- it's the most active state in the world in terms of reversing migration," he said.
中国人力资源方面的专家Zweig说，中国的领导人现在对于人才的流失很是关注，尤其是对学术金字塔顶尖的人才的流失。“中国正在进行一场人才战争——在扭转移民流向上，中国是世界上最积极的国家。”
Hoping to lure back the brightest heads, the government's "Thousand Talent Program," targets top tier academics, scientists and entrepreneurs. But the program, which was launched in 2009, has had limited success. Zweig says that although entrepreneurs are returning to a newly vibrant culture of venture capital, China has not been successful in getting others back.
中国政府的“千人计划”目的是希望吸引高端人才回国，主要目标是高层次学术研究人才、科学家和企业家。但是这个2009年开启的计划取得的成功十分有限。Zweig说，尽管新兴的风险投资文化让企业家们回归了，但中国还没能成功的召回其他人群。
Yet, the Center for China & Globalization contends the takeoff overseas has its upside. Migration establishes a pool of Chinese expertise and connections abroad. From there the Chinese can understand and learn from more developed nations and put this knowledge and expertise to good use when they return.
然而，中国和全球化智库依然表示，移民潮也有它好的一面。移民们在国外建立了一个中国专家和人际交流的圈子。中国人能够向更加发达的国家学习，同时能够在回国后将他们的知识和专业应用到祖国的事业上来。
For now, Li, a student, said he cannot be cast as a "sea-turtle," the Chinese term for returnees. "The hardest thing was to leave friends and family, but I have no plans to return to the mainland."
李说，自己现在并不能被称作海归。“最痛苦是离开朋友和家庭，但是我依然没有回到大陆的想法。”
本文来源：网易教育频道综合
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