来源:市场资讯
(来源:智慧农业期刊)
引用格式: 李夏溪, 冀荣华, 常宏瑞, 张所向. DC-YOLO:应对遮挡和光照变化的湖羊行为检测[J]. 智慧农业(中英文), 2026, 8(4): 127-147.
Citation:LI Xiaxi, JI Ronghua, CHANG Hongrui, ZHANG Suoxiang. DC-YOLO: A Behavior Detection Model for Hu Sheep Addressing Occlusion and Illumination Variations[J]. Smart Agriculture, 2026, 8(4): 127-147. DOI: 10.12133/j.smartag.SA202601021
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DC-YOLO:应对遮挡和光照变化的湖羊行为检测
李夏溪, 冀荣华, 常宏瑞*, 张所向
(中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京 100083,中国)
摘要:[目的/意义]畜牧业中,动物行为是评估动物生理健康以及提供环境预警的重要指标。针对集约化养殖中行为检测面临的多目标严重遮挡、光照条件多变、类别分布不均等挑战,本研究旨在开发一种能够实现舍饲湖羊24小时日常行为自动监测的高效算法DCAttention-YOLO(DC-YOLO),以支撑羊群的精准化管理。[方法]针对多目标严重遮挡,引入自适应细节-上下文注意力(DCAttention,Adaptive Detail-Contextual Attention)机制构建DCAC3K2模块,并采用边界框相似度Soft-NMS(Bounding Box Similarity Soft-NMS,BS‑NMS)防止错误去除遮挡目标的边界框。针对光照条件多变,预训练光照编码器并将其参数迁移至DC-YOLO。针对类别分布不均,设计综合分类质量焦点损失(CQFL),对遮挡及少数类样本自适应增大损失权重。本研究数据集通过湖羊养殖场全天候监控采集,包含505张标注图像,涵盖饮水、采食、躺卧、舔舐和站立5种行为。[结果和讨论]DC-YOLO的重叠度阈值为 0.5 时的平均精度均值mAP@50达到91.4%,相比YOLOv12提高了7.8个百分点。此外,DC-YOLO的参数量为2.29 M,相较YOLOv12减少了8.74%。在CPU环境下,DC-YOLO的推理时间缩短至115.5 ms,帧率提升至8.50帧/s,分别提升了33.2%和48.9%。[结论]DC-YOLO在保持低参数量与高推理速度的同时,有效缓解了舍饲环境下多目标遮挡、光照条件多变及行为类别分布不均带来的检测难题,能够为集约化湖羊养殖的行为跟踪与分析提供有效的技术支撑。
关键词: 集约化养殖;行为检测;湖羊行为;注意力机制;YOLO;BS-NMS
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Fig. 1 Camera deployment and installation
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Fig. 2 Examples of the 5 annotated Hu sheep behaviors
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Fig. 3 Distribution of behavior categories in SheepDB
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Note: Red boxes indicate annotated sheep with behavior labels.
Fig. 4 Representative examples of SheepDB under different illumination conditions and object densities
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Fig. 5 DCAttention computation process
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Fig. 6 DCAC3K2 structure
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Fig. 7 Pseudocode for BS-NMS
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Fig. 8 Architecture of the light encoder and its classification head
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Fig. 9 DC-YOLO structure
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Fig. 10 Normalized confusion matrix
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Fig. 11 Comparison of detection results of different models under normal daylight conditions
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Fig. 12 Comparison of detection results of different models in a dim evening scenario
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Fig. 13 Comparison of detection results of different models under daytime illumination with light filtered by blue insulation panels
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Fig. 14 Comparison of detection results of different models under nighttime conditions with artificial light spot interference
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Fig. 15 Comparison of detection results of different models under nighttime infrared illumination
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Fig. 16 Visualization of behavior detection and tracking results for Hu sheep
来源:《智慧农业(中英文)》2026年第4期
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